《三国志.魏书卷》二十的原文及翻译是什么?

2025-03-24 01:03:14
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

《三国志.魏书卷》二十的原文

邓哀王冲字仓舒。少聪察岐嶷,生五六岁,智意所及,有若成人之智。时孙权曾致巨象,太祖欲知其斤重,访之群下,咸莫能出其理。

冲曰:“置象大船之上,而刻其水痕所至,称物以载之,则校可知矣。”太祖大悦,即施行焉。

时军国多事,用刑严重。太祖马鞍在库,而为鼠所齧,库吏惧必死,议欲面缚首罪,犹惧不免。冲谓曰:“待三日中,然后自归。”

冲於是以刀穿单衣,如鼠齧者,谬为失意,貌有愁色。太祖问之,冲对曰:“世俗以为鼠齧衣者,其主不吉。今单衣见齧,是以忧戚。”太祖曰:“此妄言耳,无所苦也。”俄而库吏以齧鞍闻,太祖笑曰:“儿衣在侧,尚齧,况鞍县柱乎?”一无所问。

冲仁爱识达,皆此类也。凡应罪戮,而为冲微所辨理,赖以济宥者,前后数十。

【魏书曰:冲每见当刑者,辄探睹其冤枉之情而微理之。及勤劳之吏,以过误触罪,常为太祖陈说,宜宽宥之。辨察仁爱,与性俱生,容貌姿美,有殊於众,故特见宠异。臣松之以“容貌姿美”一类之言,而分以为三,亦叙属之一病也。】

太祖数对群臣称述,有欲传后意。年十三,建安十三年疾病,太祖亲为请命。及亡,哀甚。文帝宽喻太祖,太祖曰:“此我之不幸,而汝曹之幸也。”

【孙盛曰:春秋之义,立嫡以长不以贤。冲虽存也犹不宜立,况其既没,而发斯言乎?诗云:“无易由言。”魏武其易之也。】

言则流涕,为聘甄氏亡女与合葬,赠骑都尉印绶,命宛侯据子琮奉冲后。二十二年,封琮为邓侯。黄初二年,追赠谥冲曰邓哀侯,又追加号为公。

【魏书载策曰:“惟黄初二年八月丙午,皇帝曰:咨尔邓哀侯冲,昔皇天锺美於尔躬,俾聪哲之才,成於弱年。当永享显祚,克成厥终。如何不禄,早世夭昬!朕承天序,享有四海,并建亲亲,以藩王室,惟尔不逮斯荣,且葬礼未备。追悼之怀,怆然攸伤。今迁葬于高陵,使使持节兼谒者仆射郎中陈承,追赐号曰邓公,祠以太牢。魂而有灵,休兹宠荣。呜呼哀哉!”魏略曰:文帝常言“家兄孝廉,自其分也。若使仓舒在,我亦无天下。”】

三年,进琮爵,徙封冠军公。四年,徙封己氏公。太和五年,加冲号曰邓哀王。景初元年,琮坐於中尚方作禁物,削户三百,贬爵为都乡侯。三年,复为己氏公。正始七年,转封平阳公。景初、正元、景元中,累增邑,并前千九百户。

《三国志.魏书卷》二十翻译:

邓哀王曹冲传,邓哀王曹冲,字仓舒。少年时就敏于观察,十分聪慧。曹冲出生五、六年,智力心思所达到的,就像成年人那样聪明。当时孙权曾送来一只很大的象,太祖要知道象的重量,询问众部下,都不能拿出办法来。曹冲说:“把象放在大船上面,在水痕淹到船体上刻下记号,再称量物品装载在船上,那么比较以后就可以知道了。”太祖十分高兴,马上施行了这个办法。

当时军队国家事务繁多,施用刑罚又严又重。太祖的马鞍在仓库里被老鼠啃啮,管理仓库的吏役害怕一定会死,琢磨想要反绑双手去自首罪过,但仍然惧怕不能免罪。曹冲对他说:“等待三天,然后你自动去自首。”曹冲于是拿刀戳穿自己的单衣,就像老鼠咬啮的一样,假装作不乐意,脸上一副发愁的样子。

太祖问他,曹冲回答说:“民间风俗认为老鼠咬了衣服,主人就会不吉利。现在单衣被咬了,所以难过。”太祖说:“那是瞎说,用不着苦恼。”不久库吏把老鼠咬马鞍的事情汇报了,太祖笑着说:“我儿子的衣服就在身边,尚且被咬,何况是挂在柱子上的马鞍呢?”一点也没责备。

曹冲心地仁爱,识见通达,都像这件事情所表现的那样,本应犯罪被杀,却被曹冲暗中分辩事理而得到帮助宽宥的,前后有几十人。太祖几次对众大臣称赞曹冲,有想要把王位传给他的意思。建安十三年(208),曹冲十三岁时,他得了病,病得很重,太祖亲自为他向天请求保全生命。

到了曹冲死去时,太祖极为哀痛。文帝宽解安慰太祖,太祖说:“这是我的不幸,却是你们的幸运啊。”一说就流下眼泪,为曹冲聘了甄氏已经死去的女儿与他合葬,追赠给他骑都尉的官印绶带,命宛侯曹据的儿子曹琮做曹冲的后代。

建安二十二年(217),封曹琮为邓侯。黄初二年(221),追赠谥号给曹冲为邓哀侯,又追加称号为邓公。黄初三年(222),晋升曹琮的爵位,迁移封地,为冠军公。黄初四年,迁移封地为己氏公。太和五年(232),加给曹冲谥号为邓哀王。

景初元年(237),曹琮因为在中尚方制作禁止的器物,犯了罪,削减他的封邑三百户,降爵为都乡侯。景初三年(239),恢复爵位为己氏公。正始七年(246),转封为平阳公。景初(237~239)、正元(254~256)、景元期间(260~264),屡次为曹琮增加封邑,连同以前的共有一千九百户。

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