钢结构的加固技术有哪些?

2025-03-21 15:16:52
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

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钢结构连接方法,即焊缝、铆钉、普通螺栓和高强度螺栓连接方法的选择,应根据结构需要加固的原因、目的、受力状况、构造及施工条件,并考虑结构原有的连接方法确定。钢结构加固一般宜采用焊缝连接、摩擦型高强度螺栓连接,有依据时亦可采用焊缝和摩擦型高强度螺栓的混合连接。当采用焊缝连接时,应采用经评定认可的焊接工艺及连接材料。裂纹的修复与加固结构因荷载反复作用及材料选择、构造、制造、施工安装不当等产生具有扩展性或脆断倾向性裂纹损伤时,应设法修复。在修复前,必须分析产生裂纹的原因及其影响的严重性,有针对性地采取改善结构实际工作或进行加固的措施,对不宜采用修复加固的构件,应予拆除更换。对桁架可采取下列改变其杆件内力的方法进行加固:增设撑杆变桁架为撑杆式结构;加设预应力拉杆。

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回答2:

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钢结构,现在很多地方都能看的用钢材搭建成的房子。加固之家办公室旁边也有两栋钢结构房屋,既然有了钢结构房屋,那么可能就会有需要加固的地方,加固公司常用的钢结构加固技术主要有改变计算简图、截面补强法和预应力拉索法。改变计算简图:增设附加支承,调整荷载分布情况,降低内力水平,对超静定结构支座进行强迫位移,降低应力峰值;截面补强法:在局部或沿构件全长以钢材补强,连成整体使之共同受力;预应力拉索法:利用高强拉索加固结构薄弱环节或提高结构整体承载力、刚度和稳度。

钢结构在什么情况下要做加固呢?可以分成几点:由于钢材长时间受到化学物的侵蚀出现的腐蚀或者电化学腐蚀导致钢结构截面削弱;构建因为各种意外而产生的扭曲、变形、凹陷等缺陷导致构件截面有所削弱,杆件出现明显的翘曲,甚至连接开裂等;钢结构受到温差作用下也会导致构件或者连接出现翘曲、变形甚至开裂等;由于荷载发生变化,原有结构受力超出预算范围内,规范规程改变导致结构承载力出现不足等;钢结构在开始设计、生产和施工中存在的一些失误或安装违规等。随着钢结构建筑的越来越多,那么我们对于钢结构的安全性也要特别关注起来,在发现钢结构建筑出现问题时要及时去发现和加固,让其更加安全为人们遮风弹雨。钢结构加固的主要方法有:减轻荷载、改变结构计算图形、加大原结构构件截面和连接强度、阻止裂纹扩展等。当有成熟经验时,亦可采用其它加固方法。改变结构计算图形的加固方法是指采用改变荷载分布状况、传力途径、节点性质和边界条件,增设附加杆件和支撑、施加预应力、考虑空间协同工作等措施对结构进行加固的方法。

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回答3:

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传统的钢结构加固焊接加固时,高温作用使焊接部位的组织及性能劣化;而且焊缝必然存在缺陷,会产生新的裂纹;焊接结构内部存在残余应力,与其他作用结合可能导致开裂。焊接使结构形成连续的整体,裂缝一旦失稳扩展,就有可能一断到底,引发重大事故。采用螺栓连接需要在损伤部位附近的母材上开孔,削弱了截面,形成新的应力集中区;普通螺栓在动载作用下易松动,高强螺栓易发生应力松弛现象,降低了结构的修补效果。粘钢加固技术是在钢结构表面用特制的建筑结构胶粘贴钢板,依靠结构胶使之粘结成整体共同工作,以提高结构承载力。这些加固方法共同的缺点是使结构重量增加很多,钢板不易制作成各种复杂形状,运输和安装也不方便,且钢板易锈蚀,影响粘结强度,维护费用高。

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