推荐回答(3个)
也要看你的葡萄树的大小的,一般的用十个平方左右,这样才有利于葡萄的生长
首先应根据株行距决定棚架的大小。搭建时每3~4米见方设立一根立柱,顺着主蔓向行间的延伸方向架设横梁,在横梁上每隔40~50厘米拉一道铁丝。搭建的具体方法是先在行的两端埋设锚石,将边柱和边梁固定好,然后整好所有的支柱和横梁,用U形钉将铁丝固定在横梁上。
独龙架的搭建方法很简单,可根据葡萄的架式的结构因地制宜利用一些现有的废旧材料进行搭建。其他变型架式的搭建,可参考以上几种架式的相近结构与方法进行。
葡萄要想科学施肥,前提是了解葡萄对各种养分的需求规律。今天主要给大家介绍一下葡萄对氮、磷、钾、钙、镁这5种元素吸收利用规律以及当前施肥管理技术要点。
一、氮素营养:
氮对营养生长影响最大,在一定范围内适当多施氮肥,可以增加葡萄的枝叶数量,增强树势,促进副梢萌发,起到多次开花结实提高产量的作用。但若施用氮肥过量,会引起新梢徒长,导致落花落果,引起产量降低。施氮肥应以基肥为主,占全年施用量的40%-60%。施用时间最好是在采果后立即施入,此时根系的第二生长高峰还没有结束,叶片尚未脱落,施入后即可有一部分肥料被根系吸收,参与代谢、制造合成大量的有机营养,增加了树体的营养贮藏量,对恢复树势、促进花芽的分化有明显的作用。
二、磷素营养:
葡萄树对磷的需要量较少,但是由于磷容易被土壤固定,导致葡萄对磷肥的利用率较低,所以在实际施肥时的肥料用量往往多于葡萄需求量。磷肥在施用上主要作基肥,一般占年施用量的60%-70%,应和氮素一样,在果实采后尽早施入。另外磷肥也可作追肥,在开花前期和幼果开始生长期、着色初期配合氮钾肥追施。
三、钾素营养:
葡萄是喜钾果树,具有“钾质果树”之称。充足的钾素供应可提高葡萄的含糖量,促进浆果着色。施钾可提高葡萄产量13%-17%,且着色好,单果重量明显增加,同时对炭疽病、黑痘病等有明显的抑制作用。另外钾元素在葡萄树体内起到一个“拖拉机”的作用,能带动其他元素(镁、钙除外)的转运。但是钾施用过量,会妨碍镁的吸收,导致缺镁症。钾肥施用以基肥为主,占年施用量的1/3左右,追施以着色初期为主,占年施用量的1/3,其它两个时期追施的量约占1/6左右,施用时注意配合氮磷肥的施用。
四、钙素营养:
葡萄对钙的需求量非常大,当葡萄进入第二次膨果期后,对钙的需求量超过氮。钙主要是在蒸腾拉力的作用下,通过根系吸收从木质部进入葡萄体内,而叶片的蒸腾作用约是果实的30倍,所以大部分钙流入叶片中,使得果实直接从土壤中吸收的钙很少,实际上根系从土壤中吸收的钙只有2%能够传导到果实中。因此,特别是土壤酸化的葡萄园,土壤中钙含量缺乏严重。葡萄从萌芽到座果期吸收全年40%的钙,从座果期到硬核期吸收全年30%的钙,钙供应充足,果皮发育好,果皮增厚裂果少,果柄增粗不掉粒,叶片健康不早衰,长势健壮,抗病能力强,果实增重产量高。
五、镁素营养:
事实上,虽然镁为中量元素,但葡萄对镁的需求量和对磷的需求是相当,甚至叶片含镁量比含磷量还要高,缺镁直接影响叶片健康,叶片光合能力大大降低,果实膨大慢,着色差,成熟期延迟,严重时还会导致瘪粒、果柄萎缩的现象。缺镁时果实中可溶性固形物大大降低,肉质变坏,严重降低品质。从果穗着生期到果粒增大期,镁的吸收量占全年总吸收量的绝大部分,以后吸收量极少。叶片在果粒增大期以前积蓄的镁,可向果实大量输送,当叶片积蓄的镁少时,从基部叶片就开始出现缺镁症。
当前葡萄施肥技术:
当前葡萄大多已进入二次膨果期,整体施肥以低氮中磷高钾为主。同时这时给葡萄补充钙和镁相当重要。
7月份大多数葡萄已进入花芽分化时期,花芽分化的质量直接决定明年葡萄的产量和品质,建议喷药时加入宴沃水溶肥高磷型,促进花芽分化的同时,提高葡萄抗逆能力。
目前土壤状况不甚乐观,酸化、盐渍化、板结等,导致营养吸收利用率低,农户大量使用大化肥,进一步造成土壤恶化,葡萄长势更弱。针对这种现状,关键是改良土壤,建议在施肥浇水的同时加入宴沃微生物菌剂,20亿活菌种类多,营养赛燕窝。
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