怎么判断一种化合物在水中能否电离??他们电离出的是什么离子??

2025-03-25 09:07:03
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

1、判断一种化合物在水中能否电离
主要看它是否属于电解质 且易溶于水才能电离 难溶物大多不电离只有溶解的那一点点电离
(电解质主要包括:酸碱盐,其中强酸、强碱和大部分的盐是强电解质
弱酸、弱碱和部分盐是弱电解质)
若是强电解质就完全电离 若是弱电解质就部分电离

所以当你看到一个物质时先要看它是否是电解质 再看其强弱
比如亚硫酸是酸 而且是弱酸 所以它是弱电解质能电离 而且是部分电离
碳酸氢铵是盐 是强电解质 能电离 而且是全部电离

2、他们电离出的是什么离子?
酸和碱 电离出的离子 就是相应的阴阳离子
盐就复杂点 正盐 象Na2CO3 Al2(SO4)3 就电离出相应的阴阳离子
酸式盐麻烦点 比如NaHSO4 NaHCO3 NH4HCO3
首先要看酸是什么酸 如NaHSO4 是强酸的酸式盐 是强电解质
完全电离出 Na+ H+ SO42-
NaHCO3 NH4HCO3 的酸是弱酸 它们属于盐 是强电解质
完全电离出 Na+ 和HCO3- (酸式根就不能拆开)
NH4+和HCO3-

回答2:

电离嘛,看是不是电解质
电解质:电解质是在固体状态下不能导电,但溶于水溶液中或在熔融状态下就能够导电(解离成阳离子与阴离子)并产生化学变化的化合物。
分为强电解质和弱电解质
强电解质一般有强酸(六大强酸)强碱(四大强碱)大多数盐
弱电解质一般有弱酸弱碱部分盐
(说明:电解质强弱不易溶解度来判断,例如BaSO4是难溶物,但却是强电解释.应为它溶于水的部分完全电离,则是强电解质)
例:
H2SO3是弱酸,隂阳离子电离出来,电离为H+,HSO3-.
(NH4)2CO3电离为CO32- 和两个NH4+

回答3:

H2SO3===可逆===H+ + HSO3-
HSO3- ===可逆=== H+ + SO32-

NH4HCO3====NH4+ + HCO3-
常见的酸碱盐都能电离 但是有强弱之分

回答4:

H+ SO32-
CO32- NH4+

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