高梁的老家在哪?

2025-03-21 14:08:47
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

由于高梁每吸收1卡的能量能回收4~5卡的食品和纤维产品,从消耗的能量和生产的能量的关系来看,它比玉米和甘蔗还要好。所以,我们认为高梁是一种极有希望的绿色能源作物。

随着我国对粮食结构的改变和农业生产条件的改善,高梁的种植面积不断减少。不过,从现在来看,它仍然是我国的八大粮食作物之一。我国现在的高梁栽培面积在4000万亩左右,总产量75亿公斤,占全国粮食播种面积和总产量的2%左右。

在高粱的籽粒和植株茎秆里面都含有大量的淀粉,所以它是酿造业的重要原料。比如我们国家生产的名酒茅台、汾酒等都是以高梁的籽粒为主料或者配料。另外,高梁的籽粒可以酿醋,制造高粱糖,生产啤酒等。有一种糖高粱,它的茎秆既可以制造晶糖,又可以酿造白酒或者酒精,剩下来的残渣又可以用来造纸,造隔音板、纤维板等等,可以说是一材多用。另外,高粱的茎秆还是农村常用的建筑材料,比如农村民房糊顶棚的架子,园艺生产的支架,像豆角架,西红柿架等;还能用它来编席子;高粱的穗子脱粒以后可以用来制造扫帚、炊帚等。所以说高粱全身都是宝,真正开发和利用好高梁,是利国利民的大好事。

高梁的老家在哪?过去一般人都认为,在非洲东北部的高粱栽培种和野生种数量最多,是高粱的起源地。不过,现在的研究认为,高梁栽培种的起源是多元的。通俗点说就是:不同的栽培种有不同的祖先。比如说都拉族的祖先可能是野生种埃塞俄比亚高粱;双色族的祖先可能是苏丹草。

大约在公元前700年,库什特人从中东迁移到非洲,并把高梁引种到了非洲并逐渐传播。在公元前2000年末至公元前1000年,从东非由海路传到印度,再由印度传到中国、中东和欧洲。

近些年来,在我们中国出土了一些高粱炭化籽粒,根据对这些炭化籽粒的分析和古代文学记载,中国野生高粱的分布和中国高粱不同于非洲高粱的特性说明,我们中国高梁的祖先在中国,老家也在中国,不过需要进一步地去考证。

高粱主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,主要生产国有美国、印度、阿根廷、中国、墨西哥、尼日利亚、苏丹和澳大利亚。

我国的主产区在东北、西北和华北,其中东北三省、河北、山西的高梁面积占全国总高粱生产面积的74%左右,每个省都在300万亩以上。

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