家长如何培养孩子的科学探索能力,满足孩子的探索欲望

2025-03-09 22:38:37
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、注重探索内容的的选择,把握探索时机科学教育的内容是很广泛的,幼儿受年龄特点的限制,不能理解深奥的科学原理.因此,我们应当结合幼儿的生活经验,选择符合幼儿认知特点的活动内容,才能充分调动幼儿积极探索的精神,发挥幼儿的主体性.同时,学习的内容应能满足幼儿的兴趣和需求,以激发他们自发、自主地学习.如水的系列活动,小班可让幼儿玩水,感知水的一般特性;中班可通过让幼儿亲自操作,知道物体的沉浮现象;大班则让幼儿做实验,了解水的三态及变化等.总之,探索的内容要贴近幼儿认知和生活实际,便于幼儿探索并能从中感受到探索的乐趣. 二、提供合理有效的操作材料,激发幼儿主动探索的欲望在科学活动中,为幼儿提供丰富的、适合幼儿水平和兴趣的玩具材料,是激发幼儿科学探索的前提.教师只有为幼儿提供能引起他们探索欲望并与实现科学活动目标相适应的材料,才能使操作活动在科学知识的抽象性和幼儿思维的直观性之间架起一座桥梁,从而使幼儿能兴致盎然地一步一步主动进行探索,并在探索的过程中,构建知识,获取科学知识经验.操作材料的准备要注重以下三个方面的因素: 1、体现一定的科学活动目标. 许多教师在投放操作材料的时候,往往只注意材料是否丰富多样,而忽略了其目的性.导致幼儿在面对琳琅满目的操作材料的时候,可能就把他们当成了一般玩具玩了.因此教师应该针对幼儿实际情况,扣紧科学活动目标,为幼儿准备能激发他们操作欲望,并能通过操作能获得一定科学知识的活动材料.这样才能使幼儿在活动中能有所发现、有所启迪 2、操作材料的投放要注重个体差异性. 在幼儿操作材料的过程中,我们常常能看到有些能力较弱的幼儿面对困难就不知所措,而放弃活动.而能力强的幼儿在进行了一些操作活动之后就觉得没有挑战性,而失去了兴趣.这就要求我们要根据幼儿的个体差异性,为不同层次的幼儿提供相适宜的操作材料. 3、操作材料要便于幼儿自主操作. 幼儿的思维都离不开动作.因此我们为幼儿提供操作材料的时候是便于幼儿操作的,而不是一个摆设品.只有为幼儿提供了便于他们操作的材料,才能激发他们主动探索的欲望.同时,还应提供可以让幼儿在操作中进行观察、比较的材料. 三、善于提问,促进幼儿探索能力的发展著名心理学家布鲁纳认为,教师不仅要教会幼儿掌握知识,而且要让他参与到知识泊形成过程中去,引导幼儿自己探索事物、发现问题、得出结论.在以自主性学习为主的科学活动中,教师的主导作用主要体现在善于提出具有启发性、针对性和开放性的问题,促使幼儿思考对策四、教给探究的方法,培养幼儿分析解决问题的能力教会他们象科学家一样动手做科学.在提出一个问题后,要对这个问题作多方面的假设与预测,在解决问题前要有思考并制定探究计划,在活动过程中要善于根据日常经验或相关现象合理地推想,做到因果联系,合乎逻辑,充分考虑活动过程中可能出现的问题,合理选择需要的工具和研究方法,为自己的探究活动服务.不断地反思矫正,使自己始终向着目标前进;要善于搜集资料,从中总结出有价值的信息. 总之,科学教育内容丰富多彩,神奇有趣.教师要充分发挥科学的魅力,巧妙地组织科学教育活动,激发幼儿对科学的好奇心和探索欲望,引导幼儿用科学的探索方法去探究问题,解决问题,体验科学探索的乐趣,培养幼儿的自主探索科学知识的能力.

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