蚜虫为害桃树有何特点?怎样防治?

2025-04-06 23:20:20
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

桃树上的蚜虫分为桃蚜(又名:烟蚜、菜蚜)、桃瘤蚜和桃粉蚜。虽然它们形态特征、为害及发生规律有异,但在用药种类上基本相同。
(1)为害特征
桃蚜:桃蚜主要为害新梢上的叶片,被害叶向背面不规则状卷缩。
桃瘤蚜:以成蚜、若蚜群集叶背为害,被害叶组织肥厚凹凸不平,由叶缘向叶背纵卷,形成浅粉红色的虫瘿,严重时叶片纵卷呈绳状。
桃粉蚜:以成、若虫群集于新梢和叶背刺吸汁液为害,被害叶失绿、增厚,并向叶背对合纵卷,卷叶内积有白色蜡粉。严重时叶片脱落,嫩梢干枯。排泄蜜露常常导致霉病发生。
(2)发生规律 一年发生10代以上,以卵在枝条芽腋、裂缝或小枝叉等处越冬。三种蚜虫均属迁移型,入夏前迁移至寄主(杏、李、萝卜等),秋季再迁回油桃树。桃蚜、瘤蚜展叶后即开始为害,而瘤蚜在5月下旬才开始。
(3)防治方法 ①加强冬春管理:结合冬春修剪,剪除被害枝条,集中烧毁。②药剂涂茎:用40%氧化乐果乳油1份,加水3份,刮除粗皮,用毛刷在主干周围涂6厘米宽的药环。涂药后用纸或塑料布包好,残效期可维持15天左右。③喷洒农药:春季卵孵化后,油桃开花及未卷叶前,及时喷洒50%抗蚜威(辟蚜雾)可湿性粉剂2000倍液。以后根据虫情喷洒凯速达1500~2000倍液,另外,在桃发芽前喷50倍索利巴尔或3~5波美度石硫合剂,可起到杀卵作用。

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