海南热带雨林总面积是多少?

2025-02-17 09:13:04
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

海南热带雨林在我国最南部,范围包括海南岛和东沙、中沙、西沙、南沙四大群岛和黄岩岛等岛屿。其中,海南岛是中国第二大岛,全区总面积为333万多公顷。

海南岛的热带天然林,是岛上陆地生态系统面积最大、结构最复杂、功能最稳定和生物产量最高的生态系统。也是华南热带林保护地区的重点林区。

本区林业用地面积为133万多公顷(不包括农垦橡胶林地),占全区总面积的41.2%,其中,有林地面积为45万多公顷,占林业用地面积的32.6%。森林覆盖率为13.4%,林木蓄积量为5000多万立方米,林分蓄积量为4960.4万立方米。另有相当数量的疏林、灌木林和新造人工林。

本区现有森林的特点:一是天然热带林多,面积占86%,蓄积量约占97%;二是用材林多,面积占76.9%,蓄积量占98%;三是中龄林多,成熟林、幼龄林少。中龄林面积占55.4%,蓄积量占50%以上,成熟林面积占20%,蓄积量占45.7%;幼龄林面积占24.6%,蓄积量只占4.1%。

本区森林树种多不胜举。在众多的乔灌木树种中,乔木树种多达900多种,占全国乔木树种的28.6%。其中,属于商品材树种约有460种,特类至三类树种有200多种。属于常绿林的乔木树种主要有桂小、榕树、桃榄、青梅、幌伞枫、黄桐、海南韶子、见血封喉、假雀肾树和海南菜豆树、水石梓、枝花木奶果、蒲桃、山竹子、海南大同子、割舌罗等等。

属于混交季雨林(半常绿或落叶)的乔木树种主要有青皮、光叶巴豆、半枫荷、鸡头、猫尾木、黄生木、琼梅、木蝴蝶、槟榔青、合欢、各种檀木、木棉、鹊肾树等等。

属于热带雨林的乔木树种主要有蝴蝶树、细子龙、青皮、坡垒、长柄梭罗木、海南加锡树、红椎、荷木、芬氏石栎、五裂木、山海棠、光叶杨桐、黄叶树、子京、油丹、油楠、陆均松、香楠、桢楠、谷木、荔枝、红豆树、闽粤栲、长序厚壳桂、桃花心木等等。

海南岛尖峰岭热带原始林自然保护区是我国最大的热带雨林保护区之一,是蕴藏着无数美小良材的绿色宝库。

人们一走进这热带原始森林,就感到这里的空气充满着特有的树脂香味,清香四溢,沁人心脾。薄雾像一条透明的沙带,环绕在山谷之间,轻轻飘荡。林下常年积存的枯枝落叶,富有弹性,如同海绵,人走在上面软绵绵的。举目四望,周围全是参天古树,一棵挨一棵,一层围一层,茫无边际。

每棵古树都有三四抱甚至五六抱粗,高一般都在20米以上,有的树干高达三四十米才分生枝丫。有的树干上缠绕着数不清的爬藤,最大的直径有碗口粗,长达100多米,从树根一圈一圈缠到树顶,然后又从树顶垂下来。有的树干上附生着各色各样的植物,有的寄生植物像长了草的“巢”,有的像奇形怪状的“盆栽”。几乎所有“盆栽”都生长着各色各样的兰花,主要的有四五十种。寄兰一年四季开放,香满林区,它的花和叶形状几乎一样,花呈紫红色,叶呈青、蓝、白三色,是这个林区的兰花之王。有的树根系发达,板根像一块块木板露出地面一二米,呈辐射状从树干向周围突出。林内大小藤萝、革本、蕨类和地衣植物,不与其它高大植物争阳光,安分守己地甘居于林冠之下。

这个保护区珍贵木材树种很多,适用于造船和做高级家具的木材就有七八十种。那名贵的坡垒、子京、青梅、稠木,坚硬如铁,百年不腐,具有虫蛀不入、压不变形、入水不浮的特性,素有“绿色钢材”之称。南方特有的油丹、油楠、绿楠、黄檀、苦梓、花梨木等等,有着天然的颜色、花纹和香味,用来做成家具,不上油漆,那天生的花纹极其美观,天工难夺,不但经久耐用,而且香味长存。

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