推荐回答(1个)
一、矿床概况
西藏尼雄铁矿床位于西藏措勤县,属矽卡岩型铁矿床,仅2、9、15、16、18、24号铁矿体经工程验证的预测资源量(矿石量)为13818.98万吨,达大型。TFe 55.63%~66.60%,mFe38.5%~62.77%。
二、矿床地质特征
(一)成矿地质环境
尼雄矿区地质图如图6-17所示。
图6-16 马坑铁矿成矿模式图
图6-17 西藏尼雄铁矿区地质图
1.地层
矿区出露地层有第四系、三叠系—侏罗系砂砾岩、砂岩、含碳粉砂岩、上二叠统碎屑岩、中二叠统下拉组灰岩、大理岩、二叠统碎屑岩。赋矿围岩为中二叠统下拉组,以及三叠系—侏罗系与上二叠统的层间、岩体与三叠系—侏罗系的接触带。
2.岩浆岩
矿区出露燕山期尼雄岩体,出露面积210.14 km2,由4个深成岩体组成,平面形态呈不规则椭圆形、圆形,呈串珠状分布,侵入于二叠系下拉组、三叠系—侏罗系(敌布错组)地层中,接触界线呈波状弯曲,一般为外倾,倾角35°~60°,岩体边部常发育3 m的细粒冷凝边,暗色矿物呈定向排列,条带状分布,走向和接触界线一致。并经常见有围岩捕虏体,呈棱角状、椭圆状,大小5~40cm不等。侵入岩岩性为角闪黑云花岗闪长岩、含斑黑云二长花岗岩、细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩。围岩为含炭泥砂质碎屑岩和微晶灰岩,具有明显的角岩化和矽卡岩化。矿化蚀变主要分布在岩体的内外接触带,蚀变带的形态展布总体上呈NW向。
(二)矿体分布及产状
矿体剖面如图6-18所示。尼雄矿田面积约200 km2,分为机雍、沙松南、毛家崃3个矿区,其中机雍铁矿区矿化面积最大,矿体数量较多,又划分为木质顶铁矿段和啊木弄铁矿段。矿田内见有24条矿体,其中木质顶有Fe1、Fe2、Fe3、Fe4、Fe5、Fe6、Fe24等7条矿体,啊木弄有Fe7、Fe8、Fe9、Fe10、Fe11、Fe12、Fe13、Fe14、Fe15、Fe16、Fe17、Fe18、Fe19等13条矿体,沙松南矿区见Fe20号矿体,毛加崃见有Fe21、Fe22、Fe23等3条矿体。铁矿体长度一般为150~4100 m,厚度1.79~66.54 m,总体产状绝大部分走向NWW-NW,倾向NNE-NE,倾角45°~70°。
各矿区的主要铁矿体,都产于中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩、中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩与下拉组、敌布错组的侵入接触带上和下拉组、敌布错组层间破碎带中及下拉组与敌布错组的接触面上,沿着接触带分布。
(三)矿石类型及矿物组合
矿石自然类型主要为磁铁矿矿石、磁铁矿赤铁矿矿石、含黄铜矿纤铁矿磁铁矿矿石、穆磁铁矿矿石、赤铁矿磁铁矿穆磁铁矿矿石、透辉石磁铁矿矿石等。矿石工业类型有炼钢用铁矿石、炼铁用铁矿石和需要选矿的铁矿石3种类型。
矿石矿物有磁铁矿、穆磁铁矿、赤铁矿、磁赤铁矿,次生矿物有褐铁矿、针铁矿、纤铁矿;脉石矿物主要有方解石、蛇纹石、石英、透辉石、绿泥石、绿帘石、石榴子石、白云石;局部见晚期的黄铁矿、黄铜矿、刚玉,少数情况下见有金云母。铁矿石品位:TFe 55.63% ~66.60%,mFe38.5%~62.77%。
(四)矿石结构构造
铁矿石结构主要有他形-半自形粒状结构、残余鲕状结构、少量的纤维状结构。铁矿石构造主要有块状构造、浸染状构造,少量的条带状构造、脉状构造、叶片状构造、稠密浸染状构造、皮壳状构造。
(五)矿化阶段
该矿床具有典型的矽卡岩矿物组合(透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,钙铝-钙铁榴石系列),氧化物阶段及石英-磁铁矿阶段与铁矿的形成关系最为密切。
矿化期有矽卡岩期和热液期,矽卡岩期又分为早期矽卡岩阶段和晚期矽卡岩阶段,早期一般生成透辉石、石榴子石、橄榄石;晚期矽卡岩阶段的氧化物阶段形成尖晶石、金云母、磁铁矿。热液期的石英-磁铁矿阶段形成磁铁矿和石英;石英-硫化物期生成石英、绿泥石、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等。后期热液交代、穿插早期矿物的现象比较明显。
三、矿床成因与成矿模式
尼雄铁矿床为矽卡岩型铁矿床。依据有:矿体主要分布在中酸性花岗岩侵入体与方解石大理岩及周围岩石接触带上矽卡岩中,矿床形成明显地受岩浆分异冷凝、围岩性质、接触带构造及交代作用强度的影响;具有典型的矽卡岩矿物组合,氧化物阶段及石英-磁铁矿阶段与铁矿的形成关系最为密切;后期矿物交代、穿插早期矿物现象比较明显;矿体与角岩化细砂岩、角岩化粉砂质板岩的接触界线比较平直,而与大理岩、蚀变花岗岩的接触边缘极不规则。
尼雄铁矿床的成矿模式如图6-19所示。
图6-18 尼雄机雍铁矿区木质顶矿段107号勘探线剖面图
图6-19 西藏尼雄式铁矿床成矿模式示意图
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