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对行政事业单位审计监督应重点把握好“三个环节”的总结
对行政事业单位审计监督是《审计法》赋予审计机关的重要职责。近年来,审计部门通过对行政事业单位的监督,有效促进了行政事业单位的财政、财务收支行为日趋规范。从审计实践看,当前开展对行政事业单位的审计监督,应重点把握好“三个环节”。
一、把握审前调查和审中内控制度测试环节。行政事业单位一般内设机构多、人员编制复杂。审计组应从被审计单位的机构设置、人员编制、职责分工及财务事项审批手续等控制点入手。通过审前调查、召开进点会议、现场观察、交流询问等方式,深入调查了解被审计单位的财政、财务收支、财产物资、会计资料及内控制度建立、完善等情况。以确定内控制度的可信程度,从中发现财务、经费管理的薄弱环节,从而掌握审计重点。
二、把握行政事业单位的收费环节。行政事业单位的各项收费是其业务收入的主要来源,而且大多还实行预算外资金管理,存在的问题较多。因此,在审计工作中要从收费票据的领、用、管等环节入手,寻求审计工作的突破口。比如:审计前到有关财政、税务、物价等部门摸清被审计单位收费项目、标准以及收费票据领用、核销等基本情况。审计中做到“三查三看”,即认真查阅文件、收费许可证,使用中的票据和票据的存根等有关资料,看其收费的合法性;认真查阅账表、会计凭证等有关财务资料,看其票款是否一致。此外,通过查资产,看其预算外收支的真实性等。从而有效查出收费及管理过程中的问题,特别是“账外账”、私设“小金库”及“三乱”的问题。
三、把握对所属单位的延伸审计环节。行政主管部门一般设有二、三级预算单位,一些事业单位还创办了经济实体,其上下之间在资金、资产、收支业务活动中存在着密切的联系。平时一级预算部门接受检查相对比较多,他们为了逃避监督,往往将违纪违规问题“下沉”,采取上下联手,虚列支出,或转移截留收入和专项资金等。因此,在审计中要做到“两个结合”,即在审计一级预算单位时要与延伸审计二、三级预算单位相结合;在审计事业单位时要与延伸审计其经济实体相结合。只有这样才能发现和查出隐慝的违纪违规问题,有效地强化行政事业监督。
同时,在审计处理处罚上,要摆正“三个关系”。一是宏观与微观的关系。做到立足微观审计监督,着眼宏观服务。要善于解剖麻雀,对问题产生的直接原因和深层次原因全面进行分析,提出针对性强、操作性强的建议,促进单位完善制度,加强资金管理,提高财政资金的使用效率;应加强对审计发现的普遍性、倾向性情况进行汇总、归纳、提炼,整理成审计信息,为领导决策提供依据。二是手段与目的的关系。审计工作是手段,目的是促进行政事业单位增收节支,提高财政资金的使用效率。三是监督与政策的关系。要处理好强化监督与执行政策的关系,一方面不断加大监督力度,另一方面坚持“三个有利于”标准,贯彻执行国家有关方针、政策,处理问题做到慎重、适当、实事求是。
http://www.sxjca.gov.cn/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=90
http://221.194.113.151/hqk/shenji/shenji/200511/17.html
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