2个关于美国历史的问题（需要用英语回答）~80分！

1. One of the very unpopular bills Jefferson posed was the Embargo Act of 1807, which banned American trade with all foreign nations. It was aimed to prevent American involvement in the Napoleonic Wars. However, it also hindered exploration efforts. Many members of parliament, including Jefferson's own secretary of state, Gallatin, was opposed to the law from the very start. The act was abolished after the European wars ended and Jefferson deemed the country 'sufficiently safe'. This Act damaged his reputation both inside the party and nation-wide.
During Jeffereson's second term in office, he proposed a ban on the slave trade. This largely irritated land owners of the South, who need slaves to work their sparely populated farms. The Southern congressmen argued that it is up to the state, not the federal government to regulate the slave trade. The bill was passed in the end, but it severely severed relationships between the South and North.
House speaker Henry clay and Secretary of State John Quicy Adams formed an alliance that became the basis of the National Republican Party. This party favored a higher tariff to protect U.S. manufacturers and increased government investment in infrastructure to improve the economy.

PS. Actually, it is commonly believed that the republican party, which resulted from the national republican party, was separated more due to personal charisma than ideological differences, they actually adopted most of jefferson's beliefs.

2. 联邦党在外交上亲英，内政上控制联邦政权，稳定国家经济。共和党在外交上亲法，内政上保证人民利益。最重要的应该是对外态度，这直接影响国家的发展。