需求弹性的计算

2025-03-29 23:01:26
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

需求价格弹性系数的计算:弧弹性和点弹性含义及其表示
(1)弧弹性的一般公式
弧弹性是以某种商品需求曲线上两点之间的需求量的变动对于价格的变动的反应程度。简单地说,它表示需求曲线上两点之间的弹性。
假定消费者对某种商品的需求曲线上的两个点分别为A
和B
,其价格与购买量的组合分别为
(P1Q1)和(P2Q2),于是DP和DQ马上可求得,但是在考虑价格和需求量变动的百分比时,是选取P1,Q1,还是P2,Q2其结果不一样。为解决这一问题经济学家采用了一个变通但却非常有效的方案,即取AB之中点作为代表,这样不管沿曲线的左上移动还是右下移动,计算的基准数值就不会变。
(2)弧弹性的中点公式
经常出现的一个问题是,从A点到B点的弧弹性,和从B点到A点的弧弹性的计算结果是不一样的。为了避免这一问题,学者们又提出了弧弹性的中点公式。
点弹性衡量了在需求曲线上某一点上相对应于价格的无穷小的变动率,需求量变动率的反应程度。
这一弹性系数只与需求曲线上的点(P
,Q
)的斜率dQ/dP
有关,故被称为点弹性,它可以精确地反应出需求曲线上每一点的弹性值。
误区一、
某种商品的需求弹性是一条直线,
那么任意两点之间的弹性都一样的。X
弹性沿着直线型需求曲线发生变化。
当沿着曲线向上、向左等量移动时,需求量的百分比变化增加,(基准数值变小),而价格的百分比变化下降(价格的基准数值变小)。因此,需求变得越来越有弹性。

回答2:

e=-dq/dp*p/q
弧弹性:价格上升时e=-(11-9)/(9-11)*9/11=9/11
价格下降时e=-(9-11)/(11-9)*11/9=11/9
点弹性:dq/dp=-1/10 q=5 p=150
e=1/10*150/5=3
打得好累呀,把分给我吧

回答3:

经济学家用需求量的变动的百分比除以价格变动的百分比,来计算需求弹性。举例而言,假设冰激凌的价格上升百分之十,使得你购买冰激凌的数量减少百分之二十。则你的需求价格弹性为2.一般而言,需求价格弹性越大,意味着需求量对于价格越敏感。

回答4:

需求弹性函数公式:
e
=
(dq/q)
/
(dp/p)
=
(d(lnq)
/
dp
)*p
那么这里lnq
=
-0.2p,我们有e
=
-0.2
*
p
-0.2p就是你要的需求弹性公式

回答5:

  需求弹性包括需求的价格弹性,需求的交叉弹性,需求的收入弹性以及需求的预期弹性等。市场中需求弹性的大小,是由需求量在价格的一定程度上的下跌时增加多少以及在价格的一定程度的上涨时减少的多少而决定的。
  弹性衡量了在需求曲线上某一点上相对应于价格的无穷小的变动率,需求量变动率的反应程度。
  这一弹性系数只与需求曲线上的点(P ,Q )的斜率dQ/dP 有关,故被称为点弹性,它可以精确地反应出需求曲线上每一点的弹性值。
  误区:某种商品的需求弹性是一条直线, 那么任意两点之间的弹性都一样的。X
  弹性沿着直线型需求曲线发生变化。 当沿着曲线向上、向左等量移动时,需求量的百分比变化增加,(基准数值变小),而价格的百分比变化下降(价格的基准数值变小)。因此,需求变得越来越有弹性。

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