推荐回答（1个）
根据成因，线理可分为原生线理和次生线理。原生线理是成岩过程中形成的线理，如沉积岩中定向排列的砾石，岩浆岩中的流线；次生线理则是在变形变质过程中形成的。二者在野外地质调查时实用价值和研究意义不同而要加以区分。次生线理是运动学的一种重要标志，它能够指示构造变形中物质运动的方向和轨迹，在构造解析方面具有特殊的作用，简称线理。视观察研究的尺度又可将其划分为小型线理和大型线理，前者指露头或手标本上透入性线状构造，后者多指中型（亦可能包括大型）尺度上非透入性线理。
1.线理的野外概略分类
图6-21 线理分类
野外常用的概略分类如前，并参照图6-21至图6-25。
图6-22 线理的类型
（据朱志澄，1999）
（a）矿物集合体定向排列显示出的拉伸线理；（b）柱状矿物平行排列而成的生长线理；（c）面理揉褶形成的皱纹线理；（d）交面线理
图6-23 各种石香肠断面形态
（据马杏垣，1965）
（a）矩形石香肠；（b）菱形石香肠；（c）藕节状石香肠
图6-24 窗棂构造
a—肿缩式；b—节理式；c—褶皱式
图6-25 硅质片岩中的石英杆
（据G.Wilson）
2.线理观察内容
1）确定线理类型，特别注意其与构造运动方向之间的关系，研究线理所在的构造面性质。
2）测量线理产状并观测其与所在构造面的产状关系。
3）确定线理产出的构造部位，分析其与所属大构造的几何关系，为研究大构造的运动学、动力学性质及成因机制提供依据。
4）据其变形特征和交切关系鉴别线理生成顺序，为重建某一地区变形演化史奠定基础。
5）在线理发育的构造区段要采集定向标本，以便室内进行显微或超显微的研究。
3.线理测量
由于线理类型及线理出露情况不同，可选择不同的方法测量线理产状。对已剥离出的窗棂构造、杆状构造等，可用罗盘直接测量其倾伏角。对矿物线理、擦线等测量工作应在线理所赋存的面理上进行。首先应获得面理产状，然后可以借助锤把、三角板、量角器分别测量其倾伏向、倾伏角、侧伏向、侧伏角。
线理数据记录亦按期次存储或记录，用L0表示原生线理，以L1，L2，L3……表示不同期次的线理。
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