水稻健身栽培生产中应如何应用

2025-03-31 13:17:39
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在生产中,主要抓好以下5个方面。

(1)合理安排播种期,培育无病虫壮秧俗话说“插田要好秧,秧好半季谷”,这说明秧苗素质的好坏对 水稻高产稳产的重要性。培育适龄壮秧,必须做到种子消毒,合理 施用基肥,稀播育苗防治病虫,及时炼苗。

(2)合理密植,适时控苗基本苗数量直接影响水稻产量,合理密植则大大降低了稀插 秧苗的分蘖压力。当杂交稻和分蘖性强的常规稻田间苗数达到预 期的80%,分蘖性较弱的常规稻田间苗数达到预期的90%时,应 排水晒田或者灌深水控苗,减少无效分蘖。控苗要把握如下原则: 一是当田间苗数达到控苗指标时开始控苗。二是当水稻主茎叶龄 距孕穗叶龄只有2叶时,也应控苗,做到“时到不等苗,苗到不等 时”。指的是水稻分蘖的叶龄低于2叶,很难成穗。如果水稻孕穗 时的叶龄13叶左右,后期的分蘖即使能够长出来,也会因为主茎 和早发的分蘖与迟发分蘖的争光争肥,导致迟发分蘖成为无效分 蘖。这个时候,不管苗数是否达到预期目标,也只有控苗了,这就 是“时到不等苗”的意思。

(3)合理施肥按照水稻高产的吸肥特点,对于生育期长(>130天)的品种 采取前促、中控、后补的施肥方法,即每667米2—般用10千克尿 素、5-7千克氯化钾、50千克磷肥和800-1 200千克腐熟农家肥 作基肥,移栽返青后每667米2追施尿素5-7千克,拔节期每667 米2追施尿素3-4千克、氯化钾3-4千克。对于生育期<110天的水稻品种,应施足基肥,采用氮、磷、钾肥配合,前期施重肥促苗 的方法。为使所施用的肥料被作物吸收利用,避免因施肥不当而 带来的病虫危害,具体施肥量还要视土壤肥力和植株生长状况而定。

(4)科学管水大田移栽后要浅水灌溉,有水分蘖,及时晒田,足水孕穗,实行 干湿交替的节水灌溉的措施。(S)病虫害综合防治一是要加强健身栽培,促进秧苗健壮生长,增强秧苗的自身抵 抗能力;二是要加强监测,将防治对象的最佳防治时间及时传达到 生产者;三是要积极预防,适时对症用药,做到时间准确、药剂对 症、方法得当、喷药到位,将病虫害损失降至较低(一般产量损失不大于5%)。

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