推荐回答(5个)
中国是一个地大物博、历史悠久的国家,在民间蕴藏着极为丰富的民族文化遗产。其中,最具有中国特色的是著名的《牛郎织女》、《孟姜女》、《梁山伯与祝英台》和《白蛇传》等四大民间传说。流传最广,影响最大。
??牛郎织女的传说始于《诗经·大东》:“跂彼织女”、“睆彼牵牛”的记载。《古诗十九首·迢迢牵牛星》已称牛郎织女为夫妻。应劭《风俗通》逸文:“织女七夕当渡河,使鹊为桥,相传七日鹊首无故皆髡,因为梁(注:桥)以渡织女也。”故事已初步形成,并与七夕习俗相结合。
??孟姜女的传说起源于《左传》杞梁妻拒绝齐侯郊吊,遵守礼法的记载,后来加上《檀弓》的“齐庄公袭莒于夺(隧),杞良死焉。其妻迎其柩于路而哭之哀是故事的雏型。汉·刘向《列女传》(四)记:“齐杞梁殖战死,其妻哭于城下,十日而城崩。”又唐(佚名)《琱玉集》记“秦时有燕人杞良,娶孟超女仲姿为妻,因良被筑长城官吏所击杀,仲姿哭长城下,城即崩倒。”可知这个传说在唐代已盛行,但孟仲姿和杞良,在传说中已改名为孟姜女和范喜良。
??梁祝的故事最早见于唐·梁载言的《十道四蕃志》,记载了梁、祝“二人尝同学”、“同冢”的故事。晚唐·张读的《宣宝志》有较详细的记载。到明代冯梦龙的《古今小说》,又增加了英台不解带,梁山伯生疑和化蝶的情节。
??白蛇的故事形成最晚,起源:一说源于唐传奇《白蛇记》;一说源于《西湖三塔记》。到明代冯梦龙的《白娘子永镇雷峰塔》(《警世通言》),故事已初步定型。
秦朝时候,有个善良美丽的女子,名叫孟姜女。一天,她正在自家的院子里做家务,突然发现葡萄架下藏了一个人,吓了她一大跳,正要叫喊,只见那个人连连摆手,恳求道:“别喊别喊,救救我吧!我叫范喜良,是来逃难的。”原来这时秦始皇为了造长城,正到处抓人做劳工,已经饿死、累死了不知多少人!孟姜女把范喜良救了下来,见他知书达理,眉清目秀,对他产生了爱慕之情,而范喜良也喜欢上了孟姜女。他俩儿心心相印,征得了父母的同意后,就准备结为夫妻。
成亲那天,孟家张灯结彩,宾客满堂,一派喜气洋洋的情景。眼看天快黑了,喝喜酒的人也都渐渐散了,新郎新娘正要入洞房,忽然只听见鸡飞狗叫,随后闯进来一队恶狠狠的官兵,不容分说,用铁链一锁,硬把范喜良抓到长城去做工了。好端端的喜事变成了一场空,孟姜女悲愤交加,日夜思念着丈夫。她想:我与其坐在家里干着急,还不如自己到长城去找他。对!就这么办!孟姜女立刻收拾收拾行装,上路了。
一路上,也不知经历了多少风霜雨雪,跋涉过多少险山恶水,孟姜女没有喊过一声苦,没有掉过一滴泪,终于,凭着顽强的毅力,凭着对丈夫深深的爱,她到达了长城。这时的长城已经是由一个个工地组成的一道很长很长的城墙了,孟姜女一个工地一个工地地找过来,却始终不见丈夫的踪影。最后,她鼓起勇气,向一队正要上工的民工询问:“你们这儿有个范喜良吗?”民工说:“有这么个人,新来的。”孟姜女一听,甭提多开心了!她连忙再问:“他在哪儿呢?”民工说:“已经死了,尸首都已经填了城脚了!”
猛地听到这个噩耗,真好似晴天霹雳一般,孟姜女只觉眼前一黑,一阵心酸,大哭起来。整整哭了三天三夜,哭得天昏地暗,连天地都感动了。天越来越阴沉,风越来越猛烈,只听“哗啦”一声,一段长城被哭倒了,露出来的正是范喜良的尸首,孟姜女的眼泪滴在了他血肉模糊的脸上。她终于见到了自己心爱的丈夫,但他却再也看不到她了,因为他已经被残暴的秦始皇害死了
中国的四大民间故事是指:
牛郎织女
孟姜女
白蛇传
梁山伯与祝英台
牛郎织女的传说始于《诗经·大东》:“跂彼织女”、“睆彼牵牛”的记载。《古诗十九首·迢迢牵牛星》已称牛郎织女为夫妻。应劭《风俗通》逸文:“织女七夕当渡河,使鹊为桥,相传七日鹊首无故皆髡,因为梁(注:桥)以渡织女也。”故事已初步形成,并与七夕习俗相结合。
孟姜女的传说起源于《左传》杞梁妻拒绝齐侯郊吊,遵守礼法的记载,后来加上《檀弓》的“齐庄公袭莒于夺(隧),杞良死焉。其妻迎其柩于路而哭之哀是故事的雏型。汉·刘向《列女传》(四)记:“齐杞梁殖战死,其妻哭于城下,十日而城崩。”又唐(佚名)《琱玉集》记“秦时有燕人杞良,娶孟超女仲姿为妻,因良被筑长城官吏所击杀,仲姿哭长城下,城即崩倒。”可知这个传说在唐代已盛行,但孟仲姿和杞良,在传说中已改名为孟姜女和范喜良。
梁祝的故事最早见于唐·梁载言的《十道四蕃志》,记载了梁、祝“二人尝同学”、“同冢”的故事。晚唐·张读的《宣宝志》有较详细的记载。到明代冯梦龙的《古今小说》,又增加了英台不解带,梁山伯生疑和化蝶的情节。
白蛇的故事形成最晚,起源:一说源于唐传奇《白蛇记》;一说源于《西湖三塔记》。到明代冯梦龙的《白娘子永镇雷峰塔》(《警世通言》),故事已初步定型。
有《牛郎织女》,《孟姜女》,《梁山伯与祝英台》和《白蛇传》。
中国古代四大民间故事有《孟姜女哭长城》《牛郎织女》《梁山伯与祝英台》《白蛇传》
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