如何继续实行最严格的耕地保护制度?

2025-03-31 21:14:31
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在近年来加强宏观调控整个过程中,国家高度重视控制土地流失问题。从2004年、2005年和2006年连续三年的中央一号文件看,都特别强调:坚决实行最严格的耕地保护制度,切实提高耕地质量。
第一,控制非农建设占用耕地,确保基本农田总量不减少、质量不下降、用途不改变,并落实到地块和农户。严禁占用基本农田挖塘养鱼、种树造林或进行其他破坏耕作层的活动。修订耕地占用税暂行条例,提高耕地占用税税率,严格控制减免。搞好乡镇土地利用总体规划和村庄、集镇规划,引导农户和农村集约用地。加强集体建设用地和农民宅基地管理,鼓励农村开展土地整理和村庄整治,推动新办乡村工业向镇区集中,提高农村各类用地的利用率。加快推进农村土地征收、征用制度改革。
第二,认真落实农村土地承包政策。针对一些地方存在的随意收回农户承包地、强迫农户流转承包地等问题,各地要对土地二轮承包政策落实情况进行全面检查,对违反法律和政策的要坚决予以纠正,并追究责任。要妥善处理土地承包纠纷,及时化解矛盾,维护农民合法权益。尊重和保障农户拥有承包地和从事农业生产的权利,尊重和保障外出务工农民的土地承包权和经营自主权。承包经营权流转和发展适度规模经营,必须在农户自愿、有偿的前提下依法进行,防止片面追求土地集中。各省、自治区、直辖市要尽快制定农村土地承包法实施办法。
第三,实行最严格的耕地管理制度,切实保护好耕地特别是保护好基本农田。对于这一点,国家历来高度重视,已经形成了一整套包括法律、经济甚至行政手段在内的十分严厉的保护措施。现在需要大声呼吁、引起各方面广泛关注的是,在看到耕地面积减少的严峻形势的同时,也应看到耕地质量下降的严峻局面;在采取措施严格保护耕地面积的同时,也应采取措施努力提高耕地质量。要把提高耕地质量放到与保护耕地面积同等重要的位置。提高耕地质量与保护耕地面积,都是事关确保国家粮食安全、促进经济社会持续发展的战略性措施,应当同时并举,同时推进。
第四,加强耕地质量建设。长期以来,农业生产中普遍存在“重化肥、轻有机肥”、“重氮肥、轻磷钾肥”、“重大量元素肥、轻中微量元素肥”的现象,肥料施用不合理不仅导致有效利用率低、增加农业生产成本,而且导致土壤养分失衡、加剧土壤板结。水土流失、次生盐渍化、土壤酸化等造成耕地退化,导致地力不断下降。应积极推广测土配方施肥,应将测土配方施肥服务视作公益性职能,由财政保障经费。加强耕地污染的治理与修复,加快实施“沃土工程”,并进一步充实建设内容。提高耕地质量,还必须注重改善耕地的立地条件和基础设施条件。应通过国家补助、民主议事等办法引导农民修田造地改土,建设高标准基本农田。

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