推荐回答(2个)
语从句与同位语从句在形式以及它们在句中的位置上都很相似,但它们在句中的句法功能不同,所用的引导词也不完全一样。
1. 定语从句是形容词从句,其句法功能相当于一个形容词,与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况;而同位语从句是名词性从句,其作用相当于一个名词,与前面的名词是同位关系,是对前面的名词作进一步解释,即说明它前面名词的内容。如:
The news that he told me just now is true.
他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句)
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
我通过了考试这一消息是真的。(同位语从句)
2. 同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主 系 表”结构来表示,而定语从句则没有这种关系。如:
The news that he won the first place is true.
他赢得冠军的消息是真的。(同位语从句)
若用“主 系 表”结构来表示,则是:
The news is that he won the first place. 那个消息是他赢得了冠军。
3. 定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词,而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是 news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,possibility 等少数几个。因此,引导两种从句的连接词也不完全一样。可以引导定语从句的连接词有 that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why 等。可以引导同位从句的连接词有 that,whether,when,where,how 等。如:
The factory which / that we visited yesterday is a chemical one.
我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(定语从句)
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
我从王先生那里得知一个消息,他今天下午不能来看你了。(同位语从句)
4. 定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句中起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。如:
The idea that he gave surprises many people.
他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。(定语从句, that 在从句中作 gave 的宾语) The fact that they didn’t finish the work has to be faced.
必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。
(同位语从句, that 在从句中只起连接作用,引导从句解释 fact 的内容,不作任何句子成分)
5. 引导定语从句的连接词有时可以省去,而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。如:
I’ll keep the promise (that / which) I made two years ago.
我将履行两年前许下的诺言。(定语从句)
I make a promise that I will write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我许诺,我一到北京就给你写信。(同位语从句)
6. when,where 和 why 在引导定语从句和同位语从句时,它们的共同点是引导词在这两种从句中都可以充当状语。但是,定语从句前有相应的先行词,分别为表示时间、地点和原因状语的名词,而同位语从句前没有相应的名词。如:
I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing.
我仍记得我第一次来北京的那一天。(定语从句)
I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她何时才会回来。(同位语从句)
所以这句话是同位语从句
这不是定语从句,也不是同位语从句,这只是一个固定句型:
such/so...that...
定语从句和同位语从句之间的区别,主要是看他和前面的那个成分之间的关系。如果是修饰关系,起限定作用,那就是定语或者是状语从句;如果和前面的那个是并列关系,那么就是同位语
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