什么是光周期现象,在园林花卉生产中有什么意义

2025-03-15 10:38:00
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

你好
光周期,美国学者加奈(W.W.Garner)和阿拉德(H.A.Allard)于1920年提出,是指昼夜周期中光照期和暗期长短的交替变化。光周期现象是生物对昼夜光暗循环格局的反应。大多数一年生植物的开花决定于每日日照时间的长短。除开花外,块根、块茎的形成,叶的脱落和芽的休眠等也受到光周期(指一天中白昼与黑夜的相对长度)的控制。植物对周期性的、特别是昼夜间的光暗变化及光暗时间长短的生理响应特点。尤指某些植物要求经历一定的光周期才能形成花芽的现象。但其他生理活动也受光周期影响。
应用:
1、引种:纬度相近地区引种易成功。短日照植物北移因生长季日照延长,长日照植物南移因生长季日照缩短,都有延迟发育的作用;反之,短日照植物南移,或长日照植物北移有促进发育的作用。短日照植物引种时,温度和光照长度的效应是相互叠加的,对发育期提早或推迟

的影响较为突出,南北距离较远时,则不易成功。长日照植物南北引种,光温影响是补偿的,一般较易成功。但在热量条件较差地区,从高纬度引种短日照植物,往往有利于避霜早熟。但对收获营养体为主的作物,则要防止过早向生殖生长转化。
2、育种工作中利用光周期调节花期实现品种间杂交。利用光周期效应使作物提早发育,还可以实现加代繁殖缩短育种年限。
3、调节播栽期。选择适宜的播种期和移栽期,使自然日照、温度与作物的要求相一致,是提高产量的主要条件。
4、花卉栽培。利用光周期现象进行人工调节花期,能使短日照植物的菊类在任何季节开花。

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