推荐回答(3个)
锅炉排汽消声器是主要建立在“小孔喷注”理论和阻抗式扩容吸声的消声作用研制设计而成的,适应高压、中压、超高压气体排空消声的发电厂专用设备,电厂锅炉蒸汽排放一般流速大,试验证明,消声量与流速有关,流速高,气流再生噪声提高,消声性能下降,所以我们先通孔安全控流,经过一次通孔后的蒸汽再进入扩张室进一步降压降流,蒸汽经大容积降压降流后,从而形成低压蒸汽喷出,而低流速对小孔喷注消声影响已不大,在此过程中,气流再经小孔径喷出,喷出后其各倍频带的声功率已降低,而声压级的频率被推高到20000Hz以上范围,其噪声大为削弱,但部分频率的二次噪音还需要进一步消声,我们在扩张室外加装阻性吸声棉结构,它系根据降压体所发出的剩余噪声的频谱特性所设计,用以有效地吸收剩余噪声。当用户按要求安装后,总消声量要达30-42分贝。使之达到<<工业企业噪声标准>>要求。

锅炉房噪声的治理是有一定难度的,这是由于其具备如下特点:锅炉房动力设备较多,各类噪声源对主体影响的状况常常会因此而有所改变。鼓风机、引风机噪声得到治理后,水泵、泄压排气口、调节阀、除渣机、上煤机、减速机等原来作为次要声源存在的噪声会突现。锅炉排气放空时出现的喷注噪声的声功率高(可达130~140Db(A)),覆盖面广。因此,在制定降噪方案时应当统筹兼顾、面面俱到,方能收到明显效果。我国的锅炉种类繁多声源状况特别复杂:虽超过70%是蒸汽量为4t/h以下的中小型燃煤锅炉,但亦有近30%左右的现代化锅炉由于用液体燃烧(如石油)或天然气、煤气,噪声主要是由锅炉本身燃油雾化与燃烧过程产生,其次才是风机、水泵等,因此治理方案必须不同于燃煤锅炉。选择锅炉房降噪方案时,必须根据不同声源、不同环境,采取不同类型的治理措施。

燃煤锅炉噪声和污染的消除:原有尾气处理系统,原有锅炉为ZKL1.4-0.02/85/60-AII链条炉排真空热水锅炉,其收尘流程:锅炉出炉烟气→锅炉引风机→水浴式除尘器→烟囱排空。锅炉引风机采用Y5-49,No5C,3250转/min,风量5500-10750m3/h,全压3180~2460Pa,电动机功率11kW;锅炉鼓风机为4-74,No3.6A,2900转/min,风量2664~5268m3/h,全压1578~989Pa,电动机功率3kW;水浴式除尘器型号不详。开炉时,炉内负压为-200Pa,鼓风机正常操作时炉内保持±5Pa,引风机用电动机电流为20~21A,属满负荷运行。该锅炉房距离居民住房仅为几米,居民反应强烈:首先是污染严重,取暖季节居民不敢开窗,常有灰渣飞入眼中;其次是振动和噪声太大,居民住房内振感和风机的啸叫声非常明显,严重影响了居民的正常生活。为了减轻污染,当地环保部门规定了该锅炉水浴式除尘器最低水位,该锅炉所属企业在锅炉房和居民楼间建了一道墙,以隔离噪声。
噪声和振动该除尘器烟气通过的横截面0.64m2,速度约3.5m/s,并以这种速度进入水中,引风机开机时,除尘器中的水剧烈沸腾,并与引风机相互作用,振动由此产生。除了振动,引风机运行时的噪声很大。原系统采用的引风机转速高达3250转/min。这对提高风压有利,但转速越高,噪声越大。当转速低于2500转/min时,噪声大大降低。燃气锅炉房通常设计成锅炉间、风机间和水泵间3部分:锅炉间噪音控制措施:为机械增设隔声罩、减震器,设置隔声门窗等措施,控制锅炉间噪音对外界的传播。风机间噪音控制措施:在风机出风口安装消声器,风机间安装隔声门,加大烟囱直径,降低烟囱噪音问题。水泵间噪音控制措施:对墙体和屋顶进行隔声、吸声处理。

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