推荐回答（1个）
常用的路基坡面防护类型很多，常用的有种草或铺草皮、种植灌木、抹面、喷浆或喷锚等。既可单独使用，亦可综合使用，应因地制宜，合理选择。
草或铺草皮
适宜草类生长的土质边坡均可采用，是一方法简单、经济实用的防护措施。它能覆盖表土，防止雨水冲刷边坡，团结土壤，调节土壤湿度，防止发生裂纹，加强边坡稳固性。
种植灌木
适用于土质和严重风化的岩石边坡，以根系发达枝叶繁茂的灌木为宜，一般选用紫穗槐、夹竹桃、黄荆蔷薇、山碴等。在风沙干旱地区，宜采用沙棘、黄柳、柠条、杨紫等。种植灌木和种草配合使用，效果更好。种植灌木宜在晚秋或初春。
抹面
适用于易风化、但不易剥落，岩面较完整的边坡。常用的材料为三合土，成分有水泥、石灰、炉碴；水泥、砂、炉碴；砂、石灰等。抹面保护层，不能承受侧压力，抹面的边坡应比较干燥、稳定。如局部有地下水出露，必须采取引排水措施，予以配合。
喷浆或喷锚
喷浆适用于易风化尚未严重风化的岩石边坡，施工简便，是防止坡面风化的有效措施。喷浆分重力式人工喷浆和机械喷浆。重力式喷浆是把浆桶置于坡顶，桶底接胶皮管，借助重力把浆均匀喷至坡面。机械喷浆是用喷浆机，通过喷嘴把浆喷至坡面，由于它有一定压力，浆与坡面黏着较好，质量明显优于重力式喷浆。喷浆前坡面应清理干净，喷浆厚度1～2cm。常用浆料为水泥砂浆、水泥石灰砂浆。若坡面岩石节理发育，风化严重时，宜采用锚杆钢丝网喷浆，或喷射钢纤维混凝土。
勾缝及灌浆
勾缝适用于较坚硬的、较不易风化的、节理裂缝多而细的岩石坡面，以防雨水侵入裂缝，破坏坡面稳定。灌浆适用于较坚硬的、裂缝大而深的岩石坡面。利用灰浆把裂开的岩石粘结为一体，防止坠落或坍塌，也防止雨水侵入促进岩石风化。勾缝砂浆一般为（1：2）～（1：3）的水泥砂浆或1：0 .5：3 和1：2：9 的水泥石灰砂浆（体积比）。灌浆可用1：4或1：5 的水泥砂浆，必要时用压浆机灌筑，裂缝很宽时亦可灌筑混凝土。
浆砌片石护墙
适用于较陡〔（1：0.3）～（1：1）〕的土质边坡及易风化剥落或节理发育较破碎的岩石边坡。护墙不承受土压力，所防护边坡应为稳定边坡。护墙的厚度由自身的稳定性及基底承载力确定。护墙型式多种，视边坡具体情况，合理选用。边坡为土质或破碎岩，采用实体护墙；边坡不陡于1：0.75时，为节约圬工，可采用孔窗护墙；比较完整的较陡边坡，可采用肋式护墙；仅需防护边披上部，可采用拱式护墙。
干砌片石护墙
是广泛使用的一种坡面防护。除有严重冻害，一般较缓的土质及土石边坡，均可采用。用以防护边坡不受降雨及地表径流侵害。干砌片石护坡，有单层铺砌、双层铺砌等形式，视情况选用。
浆砌片石护坡
适用于坡度〔（1：0.75）～（1：1.5）〕的土质库及易风化破碎的岩石边坡。以防地表水的渗入和冲刷，是一种比较坚固的坡面防护，有时与挡土墙或护墙等结合使用，以防护不同的岩层和不同位置的边坡。浆砌片石护坡，一般采用等截面形式；当护坡面积较大、边坡较陡，为增强护坡自身稳定性，可采用加肋式护坡。
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