推荐回答(1个)
首先我们先来看看酒的分类。在我们以后具体讲到各种酒及酒文化之前,我们有必要先了解一下酒的分类方法。
一,以酒的生产方法分类:
酒的生产方法通常有三种,发酵,蒸馏,配制。生产出来的酒也称为发酵酒,蒸馏酒和配制酒。
1. 发酵酒 是指用制造原料——通常是谷物与水果汁直接放入容器中加入酵母发酵而酿制成的酒液。饭店里常用的发酵酒有:葡萄酒,啤酒,水果酒,黄酒,米酒等。
2. 蒸馏酒 是将经过发酵的原料(发酵酒)加以蒸馏提纯,获得的含有较高度数酒精的液体。饭店里常用的蒸馏酒有金酒,威士忌,白兰地,郎姆酒,伏特加酒,德基拉酒和中国的白酒,如茅台酒,五粮液等。
3. 配制酒 方法很多,常用浸泡,混合,勾兑等几种。浸泡制法多用于药酒,如国外的味美思酒(vermouth),比特酒(bitter),中国的人参酒,三蛇酒等。混合制法是把蒸馏后的酒液(通常用高度数酒液)加入果汁,蜜糖,牛奶或其它液体混合制成。勾兑也是一种酿制工艺,通常可以将两种或数种酒兑和在一起,例如将不同地区的酒勾兑在一起,高度数酒和低度数酒勾兑在一起,年份不同的酒勾兑在一起,形成一种新的口味,或者得到色,香,味更加完美的酒品。
二,以配餐方式和饮用方式分类:
按西餐配餐的方式分类,酒水可分为餐前酒,佐餐酒,甜食酒,餐后甜酒,烈酒,啤酒,软饮料和混合饮料(包括鸡尾酒)八类。
三,以酒精含量分类:
以酒精含量可分为低度酒,中度酒和高度酒。低度酒酒度在20度以下,常用的有葡萄酒,桂花陈酒,香槟酒和低度药酒。中度酒有餐前开胃酒,餐后甜酒等,酒度为22-40度,国产的竹叶青,米酒,黄酒等属此类。高度酒指酒精含量40度以上的烈性酒,国外的烈酒全属此类。国产的有茅台,五粮液,汾酒,二锅头等。
酒液中酒精含量的表示法:
传统上有三种方式:
1. 英国方式(sikes)
2. 美国方式(proof)
3. 欧洲方式(GL)
从1983年开始,欧洲共同体(包括英国)统一实行GL标准,即按酒精所占液体容量的百分比作为度数,用符号“°”表示。而美国仍沿用proof方式。
备注:换算:1°= 2proof = 1.75sikes
参考资料:http://dudu9999.spaces.live.com/
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