商业体育有哪些?

2024-10-31 21:17:29
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

体育商业的模式

1、市场主导型

市场主导型指体育产业发展的原动力是市场主体自身对商业利润的追求,以及不同市场主体问相互竞争产生的压力和推动力。如美国的“俱乐部+中介机构”模式,它具有完善的俱乐部体制和职业联盟体制以及发达的体育中介机构;英国的“消费群+市场体系”模式,它具有老牌资本主义国家的国民消费传统和完整的体育市场体系。

2、政府参与型

政府参与型是相对于市场主导型而言。在某些国家和地区,当市场调控实效或政府预期市场可能实效的时候,政府采取措施对体育经济进行宏观干预,对本国本地区体育产业的发展设定目标,并且经常地利用多种手段加以引导、调控和规范体育市场主体的组建与运作。如,法国对体育经济发展的宏观政策支持,日本的梯度发展战略等。

参考资料:http://baike.baidu.com/view/4363915.htm#2

回答2:

商业体育 就是指以竞技体育为主体的各类体育运动,采取商业化的运作方式,以获取最大利润作为推动和发展体育运动的杠杆·

所谓体育商业化,应当是以体育竞技本身所具有的娱乐性所带来的享受、竞技性所带来的刺激为主要产品,以成熟的商业模式为主要运作手段,以平衡各方面利益达到互利互惠的目的的一种体育运动的发展模式·

举例:
奥赛
1984年奥运会在申办过程中由于财政困难陷入危机,一个以征集赞助商、出让电视转播权和高价销售门票为筹资渠道的 TOP商业计划大获成功,一举扭转了奥运会的命运。自此之后,奥林匹克运动呈现出一片欣欣向荣的景象: 1988年汉城奥运会赢利 4.97亿元美元, 1992年巴塞罗那奥运会赢利 4000万美元, 1996年亚特兰大奥运会赢利 1000万美元

体育不应过度商业化

商业化是促使体育运动适应现代社会的一个最有利因素。利用商业手段,体育赛事可以摆脱经济上的困境,寻求更大发展。奥林匹克运动就是在商业化运作中得到空前发展的。但同时,在商业利益的驱动下,“黑哨”、“假球”、职业性腐败及兴奋剂等问题屡禁不止。

体育商业化就像一把双刃剑,过度的商业化,不仅会使体育赛事有失公平,更会成为体育持续、健康发展的桎梏。毕竟,当商业利益作为首要考虑的因素时,体育的本源就会成为牺牲的对象。

前国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇就曾经说过:“源于电视、赞助和集资的收入已使奥林匹克运动走向独立。然而,在开发这些计划和项目的过程中,我们必须记住,是体育而不是商业利益在掌握体育自己的命运。

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