如何进行冬季李树整形修剪?

2025-04-05 17:08:29
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

李树整形一般采用自然开心形,树干以上无中心主干,只有3个大主枝,干高一般平地为60~70厘米,山地为50厘米左右,于当年的6~7月在主干上选留分布均匀、与主干成40°~50°角的3个枝作主枝。冬剪时,主枝一般剪留45厘米即可。其他枝采用缓放,有生长空间的留作辅助营养枝,疏剪过密枝条。第二年冬剪时,对主枝的延长枝继续进行短截,剪留长度与上年相似。凡是在主枝上生长短、中、长果枝应全部采取缓放,对角度较好、距主干40~60厘米处的长枝,选留2个作为副主枝,每个主枝上的副主枝最好都在各自主枝的同侧,剪留长度要短于主枝。对于进入盛果期的梨树,以促花簇状短果枝和短果枝结果为主,此时的修剪要疏删和短截相结合。对骨干枝上当年生的生长枝或长果枝,将过密的疏删外,其余长放,不修剪或轻剪,促其中下部形成花簇状短果枝或短果枝作为结果基枝。剪去竞争枝、徒长枝、萌孽枝及病虫枯枝。结果基枝的培养应选长度在50厘米以内生长充实的生长枝或长果枝。生长枝或长果枝如斜生或近似水平枝,可长放不修剪;如长势强,近于直立且过长的,则可缩剪1/3,以促进基部叶芽萌发。删除徒长性强枝,选留长势中庸延伸方位的斜生枝适当短截,下部短果枝都可留待结果,对主、侧枝和副主枝结果基枝上的花簇状短果枝或短果枝以及结果后其顶芽继续形成的短果枝,如着生过密,可留优去劣,适当疏除。结果基枝以二、三年生的结果能力最佳,以20~40厘米长度的着果数最多。超过这个年限,多数短果枝衰退,结果极少。此时对这些枝应及时更新,去弱留强。第一年必须培养一定数量的结果基枝,经3年结果后,从基部疏除或重短截,轮换更新。

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