关于硬盘:IDE通道,传送模式是什么
IDE通道,传送模式是什么希望大家回答详细些,谢谢,帮人帮倒底.
推荐回答（2个）
随着技术的发展，产品对数据传输速度要求的提高，IDE接口硬盘的数据传输模式，经历过三个不同的技术变化，由最初的PIO模式，到DMA模式，再到Ultra DMA模式。
PIO模式
PIO的英文拼写是“Programming Input/Output Model”，PIO模式是一种通过CPU执行I/O端口指令来进行数据的读写的数据交换模式。是最早先的硬盘数据传输模式，数据传输速率低下，CPU占有率也很高，大量传输数据时会因为占用过多的CPU资源而导致系统停顿，无法进行其它的操作。PIO数据传输模式又分为PIO mode 0、PIO mode 1、PIO mode 2、PIO mode 3、PIO mode 4几种模式，数据传输速率从3.3MB/s到16.6MB/s不等。受限于传输速率低下和极高的CPU占有率，这种数据传输模式很快就被淘汰。
DMA模式
DMA的英文拼写是“Direct Memory Access”，汉语的意思就是直接内存访问，是一种不经过CPU而直接从内存了存取数据的数据交换模式。PIO模式下硬盘和内存之间的数据传输是由CPU来控制的；而在DMA模式下，CPU只须向DMA控制器下达指令，让DMA控制器来处理数的传送，数据传送完毕再把信息反馈给CPU，这样就很大程度上减轻了CPU资源占有率。DMA模式与PIO模式的区别就在于，DMA模式不过分依赖CPU，可以大大节省系统资源，二者在传输速度上的差异并不十分明显。DMA模式又可以分为Single-Word DMA（单字节DMA）和Multi-Word DMA（多字节DMA）两种，其中所能达到的最大传输速率也只有16.6MB/s。
Ultra DMA模式
Ultra DMA的英文拼写为“Ultra Direct Memory Access”，一般简写为UDMA，含义是高级直接内存访问。UDMA模式采用16-bit Multi-Word DMA（16位多字节DMA）模式为基准，可以理解为DMA模式的增强版本，它在包含了DMA模式的优点的基础上，又增加了CRC（Cyclic Redundancy Check循环冗余码校验）技术，提高数据传输过程中的准确性，安全性得到保障。在以往的硬盘数据传输模式下，一个时钟周期只传输一次数据，而在UDMA模式中逐渐应用了Double Data Rate（双倍数据传输）技术，因此数据传输速度有了极大的提高。此技术就是在时钟的上升期和下降期各自进行一次数据传输，可以是数据传输速度成倍的增长。
在UDMA模式发展到UDMA133之后，受限于IDE接口的技术规范，无论是连接器、连接电缆、信号协议都表现出了很大的技术瓶颈，而且其支持的最高数据传输率也有限。同时在IDE接口传输率提高，也就是工作频率的提高，IDE接口交叉干扰、地线增多、信号混乱等缺陷也给其发展带来了很大的制约，被新一代的SATA接口取代也就在所难免了。
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