这篇文言文怎么翻译?

2024-11-22 17:32:13
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

【原文】
初,仲淹病,帝常遣使赐药存问,既卒,嗟悼久之。又遣使就问其家,既葬,帝亲书其碑曰“褒贤之碑”:
“仲淹内刚外和,性至孝。以母在时方贫,其后虽贵,非宾客不重肉。妻子衣食,仅能自充。而好施予,置义庄里中,以赡族人。泛爱乐善,士多出其门下,虽里巷之人,皆能道其名字。死之日,四方闻者,皆为叹息。为政尚忠厚,所至有恩,邠、庆二州之民与属羌,皆画像立生祠事之。及其卒也,羌酋数百人,哭之如父,斋三日而去。四子:纯祐、纯仁、纯礼、纯粹。”
【译文】
当初,范仲淹病重,皇帝曾经派遣使者赐给药慰问,他死后,皇帝哀伤悲叹了很久。又派使者去慰问他的家人,下葬以后,皇帝亲自写碑文,称为“褒贤之碑”,碑文的内容如下:
“范仲淹性情刚烈,但外表温和,本性十分孝敬,因为他母亲在世时,家境正是贫困的时候,(所以)后来虽然他做了高官,但不是家中除非来了客人从不吃两样荤菜。妻儿的衣服和饭食,仅仅只能充饥、御寒而已。但是范仲淹对别人却乐善好施,在乡族中设置田庄,用以赡养(生活有困难的)族人。博爱好施,士大夫很多出自他门下,即使是出身街巷的人,都能说出他的名字。他死的那一天,四面八方凡是听到这一消息的,都替他叹惜。范仲淹治理国家崇尚忠厚老实,所至之处都对百姓有很大的恩惠,邠州、庆州两个州的老百姓和众多的羌族部族,都画上他的肖像为他建立祠庙来祭祀他。等到他死时,数百位羌族部族的首领,都像失去父亲一样为他痛哭,并斋戒三日以后才离开。范仲淹有四个儿子,分别是:范纯祐、范纯仁、范纯礼、范纯粹。”
【注释】
1、常:通“尝”,曾经。
2、存问:慰问;慰劳。多指尊对卑,上对下。《史记·高祖本纪》:“病愈,西入关,至栎阳,存问父老。”唐郑棨《开天传信记》:“路之父老负担壶浆,远近迎谒,上皆亲加存问,受其献馈。”宋李纲《论唐三宗礼遇大臣》:“光弼畏祸不敢入朝,代宗犹辇致其母,存问甚渥。”《清史稿·穆宗纪》:“传旨存问疫疾将士。”
3、嗟悼:哀伤悲叹。晋潘岳《杨荆州诔》:“圣王嗟悼,宠赠衾襚。”唐韩愈《荐士》诗:“况承归与张,二公迭嗟悼。”《红楼梦》第1回:“正当嗟悼之际,俄见一僧一道,远远而来。”
4、重肉:谓两种以上的肉食。《北齐书·杨愔传》:“汝辈但如遵彦谨慎,自到竹林别室,铜盘重肉之食。”《续资治通鉴·宋仁宗皇祐四年》:“(范仲淹)性至孝,以母在时方贫,其后虽贵,非宾客不重肉。”明唐顺之《王母缪孺人墓志铭》:“诸子有进重肉者輙不食,至奉宾客,未尝不丰洁。”
5、自充:自足。
6、施予:也作“施与”。给予,以财物周济人。《韩非子·奸劫弑臣》:“夫有施与贫困,则无功者得赏;不忍诛罚,则暴乱者不止。”《韩非子·外储说左上》:“故人行事施予,以利之为心,则越人易和;以害之为心,则父子离怨。”《后汉书·张奋传》:“常分损租奉,赡恤宗亲,虽至倾匮,而施与不怠。”宋欧阳修《泷冈阡表》:“汝父为吏,廉而好施与,喜宾客,其俸禄虽薄,常不使有余。”清昭连《啸亭续录·转庵和尚》:“家甚豪富,喜施予,乡人感其惠。”郁达夫《过去》:“有时候因为想受她这一种施与的原因,故意地违反她的命令,要她来打。”
7、义庄:旧时族中所置的赡济族人的田庄。《宋史·范仲淹传》:“置义庄里中,以赡族人。”清冯桂芬《复宗法议》:“惟宋范文正创为义庄,今世踵行,列于旌典。”
8、里中:指同里的人。《史记·张耳陈馀列传》:“秦诏书购求两人,两人亦反用门者以令里中。”清袁枚《新齐谐·卖浆者儿》:“西邻唐姓者向信鬼神之事,里中祀东岳帝,唐主其事。”
9、泛爱:亦作“氾爱”。犹博爱。《论语·学而》:“泛爱众,而亲仁。”《庄子·天下》:“氾爱万物,天地一体也。”《史记·淮南衡山列传》:“陛下临制天下,一齐海内,泛爱蒸庶,布德施惠。”《汉书·游侠传序》:“观其温良泛爱,振穷周急,谦退不伐,亦皆有绝异之姿。”清袁枚《随园诗话》卷八:“多情乃佛心,泛爱真君子。”许地山《无法投递之邮件·给琰光》:“启芳说我是泛爱者,劳生说我是兼爱者,但我自己却以为我是困爱者。”
10、乐善:乐于做好事。《孟子·告子上》:“有天爵者,有人爵者。仁义忠信,乐善不倦,此天爵也。”清顾炎武《山阳王君墓志铭》:“虽不学古而闇合于义,仁而爱人,乐善不倦,其天性然也。”
11、里巷:犹街巷。《墨子·号令》:“吏卒民无符节而擅入里巷,官府吏三老守闾者失苛止,皆断。”《汉书·五行志下之上》:“京师郡国民聚会里巷仟佰,设张博具,歌舞祠西王母。”宋苏洵《苏氏族谱亭记》:“其舆马赫奕,婢妾靓丽,足以荡惑里巷之小人。”清周亮工《书影》卷三:“其人在当时,已不免姗笑於里巷,而见侮於褒衣博带之俦,何况后世!”叶圣陶《穷愁》:“阿松所识,不出里巷鄙夫。”
12、尚:推崇;追求。
13、忠厚:忠实厚道。《荀子·礼论》:“礼者谨于治生死者也……故事生不忠厚,不敬文,谓之野;送死不忠厚,不敬文,谓之瘠。”杨倞注:“忠厚,忠心笃实。”《史记·郑世家》:“子产者,郑成公少子也。为人仁爱人,事君忠厚。”唐 韩愈 《刘公墓志铭》:“长子 元一 ,朴直忠厚。”清李渔《闲情偶寄·词曲上·结构》:“凡作传奇者,先要涤去此种肺肠,务存忠厚之心,勿为残毒之事。”周而复《上海的早晨》第一部七:“他办事正派,待人忠厚,一个心眼看人,从不计算别人,也很少想到别人对他耍花招。”
14、属羌:众多的羌部族。
15、画像:画肖像。《后汉书·蔡邕传》:“邕遂死狱中……兖州、陈留间皆画像而颂焉。”《三国志·魏志·田豫传》“年八十二薨”裴松之注引三国魏鱼豢《魏略》:“汝南闻其死也,悲之,既为画像,又就为立碑铭。”唐李白《司马将军歌》:“功成献凯见明主,丹青画像麒麟台 。”清袁枚《随园随笔·画像不始于勾践》:“《事物纪原》以画像始于句践铸范蠡,不知殷高宗梦傅说已有图形以求之说矣。”沈从文《从文自传·辛亥革命的一课》:“哥哥会为人画像,借此谋生。”
16、生祠:为活人建立的祠庙。《汉书·于定国传》:“其父于公为县狱史,郡决曹,决狱平。罗文法者于公所决皆不恨。郡中为之生立祠,号曰于公祠。”唐颜真卿《容州都督兼御史中丞元君表墓碑铭》:“百姓诣阙请立生祠,仍乞再留观察使。”清赵翼《陔馀丛考·生祠》:“《庄子》庚桑子所居,人皆尸祝之。盖已开其端。《史记》栾布为燕相,燕齐之间皆为立社,号曰栾公社;石庆为齐相,齐人为立石相祠,此生祠之始也。”聂绀弩《关于哀悼鲁迅先生》:“魏忠贤当权的时候全国都有他的生祠。”
17、羌酋:羌族部落头领。
18、斋:即斋戒。古人祭祀之前,必沐浴更衣,不喝酒,不吃荤,不与妻妾同寝,整洁身心,以示虔诚庄敬,称为斋戒。《孟子·离娄下》:“虽有恶人,斋戒沐浴,则可以祀上帝。”《儒林外史》第37回:“先一日就请老先生到来祠中斋戒一宿,以便行礼。”

回答2:

At the beginning, Fan Zhongyan was seriously ill. The emperor once sent messengers to give medicine and condolences. After his death, the emperor lamented for a long time. He also sent messengers to comfort his family. After the burial, the emperor personally wrote an inscription called "the monument of praising sages". The inscription reads as follows:

"Fan Zhongyan has a strong temperament, but he is gentle in appearance and filial in nature, because his family was poor when his mother was alive, (so) Later, although he became a senior official, he was not at home. Unless guests came, he never ate two kinds of meat dishes. His wife and children's clothes and meals could only satisfy their hunger and keep out the cold. However, Fan Zhongyan was kind to others and set up a farm in the township to support them (those who had difficulties in life) People. He is kind and benevolent. Many literati and bureaucrats come from his family. Even those who came from the streets can say his name. On the day he died, everyone everywhere heard the news and sighed for him. Fan Zhongyan upholds loyalty and honesty in governing the country and is very kind to the people wherever he goes. The people of Jiazhou and Qingzhou and many Qiang tribes are very happy Draw his portrait and build an ancestral temple for him to worship him. When he died, hundreds of leaders of Qiang tribes cried for him like they lost their father and left after fasting for three days. Fan Zhongyan has four sons: Fan Chunyou, fan Chunren, fan Chunli and fan Chuncui.