定语从句中which和that的区别

在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,
1.We should do all that is useful to the people .
2.There's nothing that can be said about it .
3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时.
1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.
2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.
You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.
I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.
比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时.
1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时.
1.This is the best that can be done now.
2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如：
1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .
2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复.
1. Which is the book that you like best?
2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：
1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .
1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.
2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .
定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .
1. Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .
What's that which she is looking at?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

首先两个都指物时可以互换
区别是：that 和which有些情况下不能互换
I. 关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的情况：
1. 当先行词为不定代词。如：
There is nothing (that) I can say about it.
2. 先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen.
3. 先行词被the only 或the very修饰时。如：
The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help.
Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?
4. 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：
The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.
When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall.
5. 被修饰的先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。如：
I am interested in all that you have told me.
There isn’t much that I can do.
He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.
6. 先行词既包含人又包含物时。例如：
They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.
7. 先行词是疑问代词时。如：
Which is the book that he bought yesterday?
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?
8. 先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。如：
This is no longer the place that it used to be.
He is not the man that he was.
II. 关系代词只能用which，不用that 的情况：
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，例如：
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth.
2. 当关系代词做介词宾语时，例如：
He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.
在上一例句中，引导词“which”作了介词“in”的宾语，所以不可以用“that”代替。
精锐东川

定语从句中作宾语时which和that可以互换。但是that只可以作宾语时使用，作主语时如果指的是人用who，指的是物用which。