推荐回答(1个)
一、未启动发动机前的检查
1.检查地面有无新滴下的油迹,寻找漏油部位,根据渗漏情况确定可否运行或检修;
2.检查发动机的机油、冷却水、柴油、液压油、制动液是否足够,并注意油液的清洁度;
3.检查轮胎气压是否足够及磨损是否过量、轮辋有无裂纹、紧固螺栓是否紧固、齐全;
4.检查转向系、制动系静态下是否符合要。转向液压油管无老化破损,固定稳当、不与转向轮或其它机件相碰;
5.检查风扇叶片有无裂纹,皮带的紧度是否合适;
6.检查车灯(大小灯、转向灯、制动灯)、喇叭是否正常。
二、叉车的起步
启动发动机,中速空运转3~5分钟进行暖机,并检查机油压力是否正常,充电是否正常,将货叉升至距地面300mm,后倾门架,再挂二档(重车或上坡时起步用一档),鸣喇叭,松开手刹,平稳起步。
三、叉车的行驶
1.厂内行驶必须遵守行车准则,自觉限速,一般按以下时速:平直硬实干燥清洁,路旁无堆放物、无岔道、无停放车辆,视线良好的路面。
2.叉车严禁载人行驶,严禁熄火滑行、脱档滑行或踩下离合器滑行;
3.上、下坡应提前调低档位,上坡不得拖档;
4.行驶过程中要集中精力,谨慎驾驶,保持安全时速。要时刻注意行人和车辆的动态,保持与其它车辆或行人的横向安全距离和纵向安全距离,提防行人或车辆突然横穿道路;
5.夜间行驶尤其是交会车时,驾驶人员应降速行驶;
6.雨天、钢板上或沾油路面行驰时,要提前减速,稳速行驶,不得紧急制动或急打方向;
7.通过狭窄或低矮的地方时,谨慎通过,必要时应有专人指挥,不得盲目甚至强行通过;
8.应注意车轮不得碾压垫木等物品,以免碾压物蹦起伤人;
9.不在坡道上做横向行驶、转弯或进行装卸作业。
四、叉车的转弯与倒车
1.转弯时应提前打开转向指示灯,减速、鸣喇叭、靠右行。注意转向轮外侧后方的行人或物品是否在危险区域内;
2.转弯时必须严格控制车速,严禁急打方向;
3.倒车前应先仔细观察四周和后方的情况,确认安全后,鸣喇叭缓慢倒车;
4.倒车时转向盘的操作样式与前进时恰好相反,而且视线受到体位限制,感觉能力削弱,所以倒车更要谨慎操作;
五、叉车的停放
1.叉车应整齐停放在水平道路右侧或指定地点,货叉平置于地面,人离开叉车应切断电源总开关、拉紧手制动、挂上空档、开关钥匙。
2.不得在人车密集、交叉路口、狭窄道路、视线不良、斜坡、松软路面、易燃品附近、消防(或疏散)通道等不安全地段停放叉车。
六、装卸、堆垛安全规范
1.货物重心在规定的载荷中心,不得超过额定的起重量,如货物重心改变,其起重量应符合车上起重量负载曲线标牌上的规定;
2.应根据货物大小调整货叉间距,使货物重量的重心在叉车纵轴线上;
3.货叉接近或撤离货物时车速应缓慢平稳;货叉插入货堆时,货叉架应前倾;货物装入货叉后,货叉架应后,使货物紧靠叉壁,并确认货物放置平稳可靠后,方可行驶;
4.叉车停稳拉紧手刹后方可进行装卸,作业时货叉附近不得有人,一般情况下货叉不得做可升降的检修平台;
5.货叉悬空时发动机不得熄火,驾驶员不得离开驾驶座,并阻止行人从货叉架下通过;
6.当搬运的大件货物挡住驾驶员的视线时,叉车应倒退低速行驶;
7.不得单叉作业;
8.不得利用制动惯性溜放货物;
9.不得在斜坡上进行装卸作业;
10.不得边行走边升降货叉(尤其是重车)
七、叉车的消防
1.叉车着火的主要原因是:叉车上的可燃物(柴油、润滑油、橡胶制品等)在空气中遇到火源(如电焊、气割、吸烟、电线老化搭铁及线路接触不良产生的电火花等)而引起燃烧。
2.叉车着火的预防:
加注燃油时须将发动机熄火,并禁止烟火;
检修叉车时不准用火柴、打火机等明火照明;
对叉车进行电焊、气割作业时,应视具体情况拆下或保护好燃油等,并将焊接处及旁边的油污清除干净,旁边应备有必要的灭火器;
不得任意加大保险丝的规格或用其它金属丝代替保险丝;
不得用短路的方法进行划火试线或检验蓄电池的电压;
及时排除燃油滴漏、电线(包括充电用的电线)的老化破皮以及电线固定不牢受到挤压、摩擦等问题。
八、叉车发生安全事故的主要原因
1.违章上岗(如酒后驾车、疲劳驾车、无证驾车等);
2.违章行驶(如超速行驶、争道抢行、强行超车、野蛮装卸、不按道行驶、不主动避让行人和车辆、带人行驶等)
3.起步前不认真了望,运行中思想分散,有急于完成任务或图省事的不良心理活动;
4.不认真保养、检查叉车,安全装置(转向、制动、喇叭、照明等)不齐全有效、燃油滴漏、轮胎过度磨损,叉车带病运行;
5.经过视线不良、视矩较路听的区域(如通道狭窄、捌弯岔路、路旁障碍物等)时驾驶员盲目自信,不按章减速,无处理紧急情况的思想准备;
6.下坡时,路滑处(雨天、路面沾水沾油、光滑地面、钢板上等)不减速,急打方向或紧急制动,引起侧滑甚至翻车;
7.电线(包括充电用的电线)的老化破皮、固定不牢、搭铁、接触不良及人离开叉车时未切断电源总开关。

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