朱元璋为什么不传位给朱棣呢?

2025-04-02 11:27:33
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

从内因来看,朱元璋复杂的心态是导致他没有传位朱棣的主因。

朱元璋培养的接班人皇长子朱标之死给朱元璋带来了巨大的伤痛,这是出乎预料的事,等于朱元璋的心血付诸东流了。中国历史上上向来在皇位继承上只有两种成例:一是有嫡立嫡,无嫡立长。二是兄终弟及。朱元璋建国后,为了集中皇权,以猛治国,大肆杀害屠戮文武功臣,胡蓝案,空印案、郭恒案几大案杀得昏天血地,共计有十多万人在案件中被朱元璋杀害。

要知道,朱元璋杀害的都是什么人?要么就是武将,要么就是文人,基本上都属于知识分子,即古人所说的“士人”,士人向来都是“可杀不可辱”之人,但是如此杀戮,也是寒了天下士子的心,所以,当庙堂之上,朝野机关,几乎没什么人上班了的时候,朱元璋几乎是采取抓捕的形式,抓捕凡是有点文化的人到朝廷上班。在这个血腥的时代,纵有一身知识,很可能都会小命不保,不如一个种田的农民,这是怎样的一种情形啊?

朱元璋是堂堂一个皇帝,靠实力打下的江山,能不知道这样的情况吗?所以,洪武二十五年后,他将锦衣卫裁撤,这说明朱元璋的内心已经起了比较明显的变化,什么变化呢?光杀人震慑是不行的,还得依靠知识分子来治理国家,不然朝廷都难以运转了。

而与此同时,朱元璋随着年龄的增长,性情也在开始变化,敏感,多疑,猜忌裹挟着这位老皇帝。依着之前朱元璋的脾性,杀了这么多人,难道我想立个什么样的储君还有谁敢说不敢吗?可是老来的朱元璋不再愿意杀戮,他希望平缓猛烈治国的思路,朱标虽然死了,但是受到良好儒家教育的皇太孙朱允炆却入了朱元璋的法眼,带着对朱标的复杂心态,朱元璋精心教育朱允炆,希望他能做个守成之君。

这里面,朱元璋在杀人如麻的后面,却又装载了若干历史古制的思考。前面说过,几大案后,有名望的文臣武将都已经屠戮殆尽,朱元璋其实想立谁就立谁,谁还敢说半个不字吗?但是他却又担心千秋史册在后,对他朱元璋所评非益,既然老大死了,就应该立老二,“兄终弟及”嘛,但是老二明显所托非人,朱棣虽然与自己很像,但是他是老四啊,如果立了他,后世会怎么评说朱元璋?所以,朱元璋一时忘记自己已经天下无人敢反对,却又拘泥于历来的传统古制难以自拔,在内因综合因素的影响下,他倾向了朱允炆。

外因驱动是朱元璋没立朱棣的次因。

自宋朝以来,文官势力在朝廷逐渐崛起,到了明朝朱元璋时代,这个草根出身的皇帝却大开杀戒,将文武官员杀得大气不敢出,这样杀戮的后果几乎是灭种式的。但是朱元璋也没闲着光杀人,他也在建立另外一支文官队伍,那就是国子监,这是一个很容易被人忽视的机构,相当于大明朝官员的“摇篮”,和以前所谓太学等学校不同的是,朱元璋的国子监是以“八股文”为基础的教学,朱元璋甚至撕毁了孔孟有关很多篇章,形成了朱元璋式的教学体案,如果大家有兴趣,可以了解一下当时国子监的教学内容。

回答2:

还是因为不行,朱棣是朱元璋的四儿子,自从朱标死后按照道理来说应该是老二继位,但是老二品行不行,不适合继承皇位,如果立了老四,老二和老三会怎么想,这是不行的,只有朱标的儿子才合适。

回答3:

因为大臣不同意传位给朱棣,他们认为朱棣性格残暴会成为暴君;其次朱棣的母亲地位不高,他自己也非嫡非长。

回答4:

因为朱元璋传位的,朱允文是他最喜爱的儿子的唯一后代,是他最喜爱的孙子,所以朱元璋将皇位传给朱允文,

回答5:

因为传给朱棣不符合嫡长子继承,再加上朱棣本身比较狠毒,如果传给他,其他皇室子孙就很难存活下去。

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