基本农田保护制度

2025-04-02 20:15:51
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

【基本农田】是指根据一定时期人口和社会经济发展对农产品的需求以及对建设用地的预测而确定的在土地利用总体规划期内长期不得占用的耕地。《土地管理法》规定了划定基本农田保护区的数量要求,即各省、自治区、直辖市划定的基本农田应当占本行政区域内耕地的80%以上。

【基本农田保护区的划入范围】包括:经国务院有关部门或者县级以上地方人民政府批准确定的粮、棉、油生产基地内的耕地;有良好的水利与水土保持设施的耕地,正在实施改造计划以及可以改造的中、低产田;城市蔬菜生产基地;农业科研、教学试验田;国务院规定应当划入基本农田保护区的其他耕地。

【基本农田保护区】是指为对基本农田实行特殊保护而依据土地利用总体规划和依照法定程序确定的特殊保护区域。基本农田保护区以乡(镇)为单位进行划区定界,由县级人民政府国土资源行政主管部门会同同级农业行政主管部门组织实施。基本农田保护区经依法划定后,任何单位和个人不得改变或者占用。国家能源、交通、水利、军事设施等重点建设项目选址确实无法避开基本农田保护区,需要占用基本农田的,必须经国务院批准。

【农业生产结构调整中加强农用地管理的措施】在农业生产结构调整中加强农用地管理主要有以下措施:①农用地结构调整必须以土地利用总体规划为指导。农业生产结构调整涉及农用地结构调整,应符合土地利用总体规划确定的土地利用方向、结构和布局。土地利用总体规划确定为生态脆弱地带,需退耕还林、还草、还湖的,应有计划有步骤地进行退耕还林、还草、还湖工作;②基本农田保护区规划要与农业生产结构协调一致。按照土地利用总体规划确定的基本农田保护目标进行农田保护区调整划定后,确需占用基本农田挖塘养鱼、种果树或进行其他对土壤耕作层造成破坏的农业生产结构调整,需经省级人民政府土地和农业行政主管部门批准,并补划基本农田;③依据土地利用总体规划和土地利用现状分类,搞好土地变更调查。退耕还林、还草、还湖减少的耕地,要在土地变更调查时予以核准;在农业生产结构调整中,经土地和农业行政主管部门共同认定土壤耕作层未被破坏或轻度破坏易于恢复的耕地,不作为减少耕地考核,但要及时进行土地变更调查,注明实际地类,将闲置的建设用地、未利用地或被破坏的耕地开发整理成园地,并经土地和农业行政主管部门认定能调整成耕地的,可以视同补充耕地,在土地变更调查时按现状地类调查,在非农建设占用时除须依法报批外,仍须实行“占一补一”;④严格管理农业生产建设占用耕地。建造温室大棚和临时性畜牧场、饲养场及塘底未经固化的简易水产养殖场,发展高效农业,确需占用耕地的,须到县级国土资源行政主管部门备案,并签订复耕保证书,届时按要求恢复成耕地;建造永久性农业生产设施和配套设施,如畜禽饲养场、塘底已经固化的水产养殖场、农副产品仓库、加工厂、集贸市场等,占用耕地的,须依法办理农用地转用审批手续,做到耕地“占一补一”;⑤鼓励投资者开发整理土地。按照“谁投资,谁收益”的原则,鼓励投资者开发整理土地,发展农业生产。开发整理成耕地的,可以从收取的新增建设用地土地有偿使用费中拨款予以补助;复垦农村集体废弃地的,可以由集体经济组织承包给投资者生产经营;复垦国有废弃地的,市、县人民政府国土资源行政主管部门可以确定给投资者生产经营。

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