陶庵梦忆 检测题

哪里有陶庵梦忆序译文的检测题或跟踪训练题
2025-04-04 08:10:09
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

陶庵梦忆序 〔明〕张岱 译文 陶庵国破家亡,无所归止。披发入山,駴駴为野人。故旧见之,如毒药猛兽,愕望不敢与接。作《自挽诗》,每欲引决,因《石匮书》未成,尚视息人世。然瓶粟屡罄,不能举火。始知首阳二老,直头饿死,不食周粟,还是后人妆点语也。
因思昔人生长王谢,颇事豪华,今日罹此果报:以笠报颅,以蒉报踵,仇簪履也;以衲报裘,以苎报絺,仇轻暖也;以藿报肉,以粝报粻,仇甘旨也;以荐报牀,以石报枕,仇温柔也;以绳报枢,以瓮报牖,仇爽垲也;以烟报目,以粪报鼻,仇香艳也;以途报足,以囊报肩,仇舆从也。种种罪案,从种种果报中见之。
鸡鸣枕上,夜气方回。因想余生平,繁华靡丽,过眼皆空,五十年来,总成一梦。今当黍熟黄粱,车旋蚁穴,当作如何消受?遥思往事,忆即书之,持问佛前,一一忏悔。不次岁月,异年谱也;不分门类,别《志林》也。偶拈一则,如游旧径,如见故人,城郭人民,翻用自喜。真所谓痴人前不得说梦矣。
昔有西陵脚夫,为人担酒,失足破其瓮。念无以偿,痴坐伫想曰:“得是梦便好!”一寒士乡试中式,方赴鹿鸣宴,恍然犹意未真,自啮其臂曰:“莫是梦否?”一梦耳,惟恐其非梦,又惟恐其是梦,其为痴人则一也。余今大梦将寤,犹事雕虫,又是一番梦呓。因叹慧业文人,名心难化,政如邯郸梦断,漏尽钟鸣,卢生遗表,犹思摹榻二王,以流传后世。则其名根一点,坚固如佛家舍利,劫火猛烈,犹烧之不失也。
——选自光绪刊本《琅嬛文集》

陶庵国破家亡,无可归宿之处。披头散发进入山中,形状可怕地变成了野人。亲戚朋友一看到我,就象看到了毒药猛兽,愕然地望着,不敢与我接触。我写了《自挽诗》,屡次想自杀,但因《石匮书》未写完,所以还在人间生活。然而瓮中经常无米,不能煮饭疗饥。我这才懂得首阳山的伯夷、叔齐二老实在是饿死的,说他们不愿吃周粟,还是后人夸张、粉饰的话。
由此而想到以前生长于王、谢之家,很享用过豪华的生活,今日遭到这样的果报:以竹笠作为头的报应,以草鞋作为足跟的报应,用来跟以前享用过的华美冠履相对;以衲衣作为穿皮裘的报应,以麻布作为服用细葛布的报应,用来跟以前又轻又暖的衣服相对;以豆叶作为食肉的报应,以粗粮作为精米的报应,用来跟以前的美好食品相对;以草荐作为温暖床褥的报应,以石块作为柔软枕头的报应,用来跟温柔之物相对;以绳枢作为优良的户枢的报应,以瓮牖作为明亮的窗的报应,用来跟干燥高爽的居室相对;以烟熏作为眼睛的报应,以粪臭作为鼻子的报应,用来跟以前的享受香艳相对;以跋涉路途作为脚的报应,以背负行囊作为肩膀的报应,用来跟以前的轿马仆役相对。以前的各种罪案,都可以从今天的各种果报中看到。
在枕上听到鸡的啼声,纯洁清静的心境刚刚恢复。因而回想我的一生,繁华靡丽于转眼之间,已化为乌有,五十年来,总只不过是一场梦幻。现在黄粱都已煮熟,车子已从蚁穴回来,这种日子应该怎样来打发?只能追想遥远的往事,一想到就写下来,拿到佛前一桩桩地来忏悔。所写的事,不按年月先后为次序,以与年谱相异;也不按门类排比,以与《志林》相差别。偶而拿出一则来看看,好象是在游览以前到过的地方,遇见了以前的朋友,虽说城郭依旧,人民已非,但我却反而自己高兴。我真可说是不能对之说梦的痴人了。
以前西陵地方有一个脚夫,为人挑酒,不慎跌了一交,把酒坛子打破了。估计无从赔偿,就长时间呆坐着想道:“能是梦便好!”又有一个贫穷的书生考取了举人,正在参加鹿鸣宴,恍恍忽忽地还以为这不是真的,咬着自己的手臂说:“别是做梦吧!”同样是对于梦,一个唯恐其不是梦,一个又唯恐其是梦,但他们作为痴人则是一样的。我现在大梦将要醒了,但还在弄雕虫小技,这又是在说梦话了。因而叹息具有慧业的文人,其好名之心真是难改,正如卢生在邯郸梦已要结束、天就要亮的时候,在其遗表中还想把其摹榻二王的书法流传后世一样。因此,其一点名根,实在是象佛家舍利子那样坚固,虽然用猛烈的劫火来烧它,还是烧不掉的。

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