冲压拉伸油的选用原则是什么?

2025-03-15 10:48:34
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

拉伸工艺过程中,因材料变形量比较大,要求润滑剂具有优良的润滑性。而且,成形速度、载荷和金属材质不同,所用的润滑材料要求也有所不同。对中低碳钢的拉伸一般选用动植物油和矿油,有时加脂肪酸皂。对综合性能有特定要求的,则选用含油性剂、极压剂、防锈剂等多种添加剂的拉延油(液)。
对于板材成形加工,没有购到合适的拉伸油时,常常使用矿油掺填料的办法,掺合的填料有滑石粉、氧化锌、石墨或二硫化钼等。不过,这种润滑剂涂布和清洁都较困难。如果下道工序要求清洗干净的,最好选用水基润滑剂。
不锈钢在拉延中容易粘模,加工表面特别容易拉花、起皱,一般含氯化物的油对不锈钢的形成有好的效果。但如单独使用氯化石蜡,对模具和工件有腐蚀性,对操作者皮肤有刺激作用,且清洗困难。近年已有专用的拉伸润滑剂产品系列。
铝合金拉伸一般使用低粘度含油性剂的矿油、合成油或乳化液。对于拉伸程度较大的工艺,也用粘度较高的油(含较多油性添加剂和极压添加剂),对于成形速度较高的变薄拉伸工艺,多使用可溶性油稀释成乳化液。它除了具有良好的脱模效果外,还必须带走加工所产生的热,同时满足成形件的一些特殊要求。
对于精密、高速的冲压拉伸工艺,一般采用粘度较低,但润滑性和极压性较优异的润滑剂。

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