推荐回答(5个)
款冬花偏于治寒性咳嗽,火热性咳嗽不宜用。款冬花则偏用于日久咳嗽。款冬花偏于温肺化痰而治咳。款冬花祛痰作用并不显著,但有显著的镇咳作用。治疗哮喘不能成为主药.
您好,哮喘疾病建议您采用中医治疗,中医治疗支气管哮喘会对支气管哮喘的病情起到一定的缓解作用,副用作也相对较小。患者需要选择科学的治疗方法,对症治疗。支气管哮喘跟反复呼吸道感染和理化因素影响等等有关系。长期哮喘容易引起肺部感染和呼吸衰竭等等严重并发症。治疗的关键在于预防,以预防为主,防治结合。
款冬花,中药材名,(学名:Tussilago farfara L.)为菊科植物款冬的干燥花蕾。别名:款冬(《楚辞》),又名:菟奚、颗冻(《尔雅》),橐吾、虎须(《本经》),款冻、苦萃(《广雅》),氐冬(《别录》),钻冻(《本草衍义》),八角乌(《植物名实图考》),冬花(《万氏家抄方》),款花(《疮疡经验全书》),看灯花(《本草崇原集说》),艾冬花(《山西中药志》),九九花(《中药志》)。栽培或野生。分布于中国、印度、伊朗、巴基斯坦、俄罗斯、西欧和北非;在中国分布于东北、华北、华东、西北和湖北、湖南、江西、贵州、云南(中甸、丽江和鹤庆)和西藏(察隅、米林、林芝、朗县和错那)。主产于陕西、河南、山西、甘肃、青海、河北、四川、内蒙古等地。原植物常生于山谷湿地或林下向阳较暖的水沟两边。喜凉爽潮湿环境,耐严寒、忌高温、忌旱,以腐殖质壤土或砂质壤土最宜生长。味辛、微苦,性温。归肺经。功效润肺下气、止咳化痰。临床用名有款冬花、蜜炙款冬花。
【中医古籍相关论述】
《神农本草经》:味辛,温。主治咳逆上气,善喘,喉痹,诸惊痫,寒热邪气。
《本草图经》:《本经》主咳逆,古方用为温肺治嗽之最。崔知悌疗久咳,熏法:每旦取款冬花如鸡子许,少蜜拌花使润,纳一升铁铛中。又用一瓦碗钻一孔,孔内安一小笔管,以面泥缝,勿冷漏气。铛下着炭火,少时烟从筒出,以口含吸,咽之。如胸中少闷,须举头,即将指头按住筒口,勿使漏。至烟尽乃止。如是五日一为之。待至六日,饱食羊肉脯饪一顿,永瘥。
《本草衍义》:有人病嗽多日,或教以然款冬花三两枚,于无风处,以笔管吸其烟,满口则咽之,数日效。
《景岳全书》:味微甘微辛而温,其气浮,阳也,入手太阴经。能温肺气,故疗咳嗽,及肺痈肺痿咳唾脓血。寇宗曰:有人病嗽多日,或教以燃款冬花三两,于无风处以笔管吸其烟,满口则咽之,数日果效。
《本经疏证》:易紧辞曰:一阴一阳之谓道;素问阴阳应象大论曰:积阳为天,积阴为地。故在天则阳为主而生阴,在人气应之,故肾为阴中之阳,能上际乎天,肺为阳中之阴,能下极于地。然肺必得肾气至而降,肾必得肺气至而升。肾不升则水气肿满之患作,肺不降则咳逆上气喘息喉痹之病生,是故咳逆上气喘息喉痹者,阴中之阳不上朝,以致阳中之阴不下降也。款冬花气得天之温,味具辛甘发散,本为至阳之物,特当隆冬天地闭塞之候,以坚冰为膏壤,吸霜雪以自濡,且其花不丽于茎端,不缘于叶际,偏附近于赤黑相兼之根,则不谓其能在阳吸阴以归于下,而从阴生阳不可。惊痫者,阳不依阴也。寒热邪气者,阴阳不和而相争也。治诸惊痫寒热邪气,言凡阴阳不和,阳不依阴,阴不附阳之证,得此在阳吸阴从阴生阳之物,则阴阳自相依附而和也。
紫菀款冬花,仲景书他处不用,独于肺痿上气咳嗽篇,射干麻黄汤中用之。射干麻黄汤,即小青龙汤去桂枝芍药甘草,加射干紫菀款冬花大枣也。小青龙汤,盖即麻黄汤桂枝汤合方,去杏仁大枣生姜,加细辛五味干姜,外以发表,内以下气,消饮者。今咳而上气,喉中水鸡声,则为风寒混于气,水饮混于痰,痰碍其气,气触其痰,上焦心肺之间,势将郁而生火。故生姜易干姜,以暖饮为散饮,紫菀易桂枝,以通营为化营,款冬花易芍药,以破阴为吸阴,大枣易甘草,以缓中为补中,加射干协五味以下气,仍是小青龙局法,已化峻为和,寓补于散矣。紫菀款冬虽不得为是方主剂,然局法之转移,实以紫菀款冬变,故千金外台凡治咳逆久嗽,并用紫菀款冬者,十方而九,则于此方亦不可不为要药矣。然二物者一则开结,使中焦之阴化血,一则吸阴下归,究之功力略同,而其异在千金外台,亦约略可见。盖凡唾脓血失音者,及风寒水气盛者,多不甚用款冬,但用紫菀;款冬则每同温剂补剂用者为多,是不可得其大旨哉。
【现代药理研究】
1. 款冬花对呼吸系统的作用:①款冬花有镇咳、祛痰作用。其醇提取物有镇咳作用,乙酸乙酯提取物有祛痰作用。②款冬花有兴奋呼吸作用。款冬花醇提取物和醚提取物静脉注射,对麻醉猫和兔有兴奋呼吸作用,其作用类似于尼可刹米,并可对抗吗啡引起的呼吸抑制。③款冬花对组织胺引起的支气管痉挛有解痉作用。
2. 款冬花有升压作用,其作用是促进儿茶酚胺类递质释放与直接收缩的综合结果。
3. 款冬花对胃肠及子宫平滑肌的作用:款冬花醚提取物对胃肠平滑肌呈抑制作用,对在位和离体子宫,小剂量时兴奋,大剂量时则呈抑制,或兴奋继之抑制。
4. 款冬花有抑制血小板聚集作用,其有效成分是款冬花素,款冬花素在钙通道阻滞剂受体结合实验中也有阻断活性作用。
5. 款冬花对中枢神经系统有兴奋作用。款冬花醚提取物用于蛙、蟾蜍、小白鼠、大白鼠、豚鼠及家兔等动物,均可引起狂躁不安、呼吸兴奋、肌肉紧张、颤动、阵挛、最后惊厥死亡。
6. 款冬花有抗休克作用。款冬酮可使心肌纤维缩短速度和心输出量明显增加。对失血性休克不仅升压作用强,维持时间长,而且能使心肌力量-速度向量环的形态恢复得更接近于正常。
7. 款冬花静注,在血压升高的同时,可见瞳孔散大、泪腺和气管腺分泌增加、四肢肌肉紧张。
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