扭秧歌的伴奏 唢呐独奏

2025-03-26 01:06:47
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  凡是有板有眼的,进行速度的歌曲、舞曲都能扭秧歌。快扭用4分之2拍子的歌曲,如《句句双》《反句句双》《.鸳鸯扣》《五匹马》《红绸舞》等。慢扭用4分之4拍子的歌曲,如《满堂红》《鸳鸯对口》《茉莉花》《妈妈娘好糊涂》等等。
  因为秧歌一种欢乐的舞蹈形式,又是在野外,人又多,提倡使用B调和C调的唢呐,G1和A调的太大了,音色沉闷,不符合气氛,D,E,f,G2等调的唢呐太小,舞台上可以,野外不行,声音太小,扭秧歌的人听不见。
  唢呐一共有七个指法,分别是;高指法、中指法、低指法、上指法、下指法、托指法和裙指法。【低指法(也叫鬼指法,通常不用),第二孔作1,筒音作低音6,超吹为高音1(超吹是指筒音的超吹,是第二孔的高八度音,筒音的高八度音在第七孔,第一孔的高八度音在第八孔,其他音的超吹在本孔,这里不做讲述,以下同。所有孔全按,以急口风用力吹出的音】
  【下指法(也叫本调法,常用),第三孔作1,筒音作低音5,超吹为7.】
  【裙指法(也叫笛子指法,用的少),第四孔做1,筒音做低因4,超吹为6.】
  【中指法(也叫将军指法、霸王指法,五分之一的人用),第五孔做1,筒音做低音3,超吹做5。】
  【上指法(大四度和弦法,也叫反调法,常用),第六孔做1,筒音做2,超吹做7。】
  【托指法(也叫隐指法,特定的曲牌用),第七孔作高音1,筒音作1,超吹作高音3。】
  【高指法(第八孔作高音1,筒音作低音7,超吹为高音2。特定的曲牌用,一般不用】。
  筒音和第七孔是同调,第二孔和第八孔是同调,只不过是高低八度的关系,所以筒音和第二孔没有用它作基本1的,都是以第七、第八孔作高音1,就代替他们了。
  一般的演奏者都是用本调(下指法)第三孔作1,筒音作低音5;或上指法(大四度和弦法,反调法)第六孔作1,筒音作低音2。因为这两个指法最容易掌握,大多数曲牌超吹4和7这两个半音很少,这两个半音的超吹基本上用不着。
  少部分人用中指法(将军指法,霸王指法)第五孔作1,筒音作低音3,筒音超吹作5(所有孔全按)的。因为这个指法是全唢呐七个指法当中最响,音量最最洪亮的一个指法。筒音超吹是指所有的孔全按住用力吹出的音,这是一个很不好掌握的一个音,要求口哨软硬适中,演奏者嘴唇要控制好口哨,口风要急,掌握好音准。【筒音的超吹,大多数人都认为发出的是泛音,其实错了,因为筒音超吹发出的音与平吹不是八度的关系。它是第八孔的上一个音,是筒音的上第十个音,和第二孔的超吹是同音,但第二孔的超吹远远的没有筒音超吹响亮,还不好掌握】。高指法和低指法一般很少用,除非是最低音为1至高音6的曲子如(走进新时代)(大海航行靠舵手)等才用。
  其他四个指法一般使用的少,除非和别人或乐队演奏,或者是特殊的曲调才用(只有一个唢呐时)。
  这七个指法的大四度和弦的关系为;【低指法反调为中指法】;【下指法为上指法】;【裙指法为托指法】;【中指法为高指法】;【上指法为低指法】;【托指法为下指法】;【高指法为裙指法】【注意,小四度和弦和大四度和弦不一样,比如:下指法大四度和弦是上指法,小四度和弦就不是上指法,而是托指法,上下行是八度的关系,而曲调只有ABCDEFG七个调,所以上下行就差了一个音调】。每一个反调指法都是高四度指法。这七个指法在所有的唢呐上通用。只要把这七个指法精通了,你只要用一个任意一种唢呐,可以和任何型号的乐器和奏,不用换唢呐,只换换指法即可。不然的话,你就得背一大筐唢呐,那也太有点贻笑大方了,卖艺的人是不可能这样做的。
  笛子的指法和唢呐的指法大同小异,笛子比唢呐少了第一和第七孔,为六孔,区别就在于筒音的超吹。笛子筒音平吹和超吹是八度的关系,平吹是什么音,超吹就是这个音的高八度音。筒音的高八度音也可用打开笛子第六孔,其他孔全按吹出,但这个音的音量小,而且声音干瘪,不如筒音超吹圆润,但特殊的时候也得使用。

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