墨西哥曾经是多个美洲文明的发源地，包括了玛雅文化、托尔特克文化和阿兹特克文化等。16世纪初西班牙人荷南·科尔蒂斯来到墨西哥，并在1521年击溃了当地的阿兹特克人，墨西哥从此开始了她的被殖民历史，成为新西班牙的一部分。
1810年墨西哥人宣布独立，并与殖民者进行了一场独立战争。他们最终在1821年获得承认。独立之后的墨西哥国土渐渐缩小，大片的土地被售卖或割让给美国（参见美墨战争）。在1860年代，墨西哥被法国军事占领，但不久在墨西哥爱国者胡阿雷斯（Benito Juarez）的领导下，墨西哥人民最终赶走了侵略者。
在经过波菲里奥·迪亚斯（Porfirio Diaz）长时期的独裁统治后，墨西哥革命终于在1910年爆发。革命武装击败了联邦军队，但却又发生内斗，让国家在长达二十年的时间里陷入内战。革命结束后，墨西哥革命制度党（Partido Revolucionario Institucional，PRI）获得了政权，并且统治着墨西哥，直到20世纪末。
2006年7月2日，墨西哥总统和议会选举开始投票。[1]9月5日，墨西哥联邦选举法院正式宣布，国家行动党总统候选人费利佩·卡尔德龙·伊诺霍萨在总统选举中获胜，当选墨西哥新总统。[2]
The United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), or simply Mexico (Spanish: México (help·info)), is a country located in North America, bounded on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico.[1][2] The United Mexican States comprise a constitutional republican federation of thirty-one states and a federal district, Mexico City, one of the most populous cities on Earth.
Covering almost 2 million square kilometers,[3] Mexico is the 5th largest country in the Americas by total area and 14th largest in the world. With a population of almost 109 million,[4] it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world.
As the only Latin American member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) since 1994, Mexico is firmly established as an upper middle-income country. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional: PRI), that held it since 1929, culminating a process of political alternation that had begun at the local level since the 1980s.