马氏体不锈钢和奥氏体不锈钢的特点是什么?

2025-03-15 23:21:23
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

马氏体不锈钢:强度高,但塑性和可焊性较差。
马氏体不锈钢的常用牌号有1cr13、3cr13等,因含碳较高,故具有较高的强度、硬度和耐磨性,但耐蚀性稍差,用于力学性能要求较高、耐蚀性能要求一般的一些零件上,如弹簧、汽轮机叶片、水压机阀等。这类钢是在淬火、回火处理后使用的。
奥氏体
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铁素体双相不锈钢:兼有奥氏体和铁素体不锈钢的优点,并具有超塑性。
奥氏体和铁素体组织各约占一半的不锈钢。在含c较低的情况下,cr含量在18%~28%,ni含量在3%~10%。有些钢还含有mo、cu、si、nb、ti,n等合金元素。该类钢兼有奥氏体和铁素体不锈钢的特点,与铁素体相比,塑性、韧性更高,无室温脆性,耐晶间腐蚀性能和焊接性能均显著提高,同时还保持有铁素体不锈钢的475℃脆性以及导热系数高,具有超塑性等特点。
奥氏体主要是金相里基本上是奥氏体组织,一般的牌号以3字开头的为奥氏体组织,比如304
316
,塑性耐腐蚀性好,马氏体金相以马氏体以为主,一般的以4字开头如410(430除外,为铁素体组织)。
马氏体组织不锈钢可以通过热处理改变性能,比如硬度,一般的做刀具,硬度要求高的产品使用,耐腐蚀性不如奥氏体,双相不锈钢是指金相里有奥氏体铁素体两种金相组织,性能兼有两种组织特点,耐腐蚀,耐高温性能等更好,通过热处理使两种金相达到各占50%时,性能最好。

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