推荐回答(3个)
(1)理解价值定价法,也称觉察价值定价法,是以消费者对商品价值的感受及理解程度作为定价的基本依据。把买方的价值判断与卖方的成本费用相比较,定价时更应侧重考虑前者。因为消费者购买商品时总会在同类商品之间进行比较,选购那些既能满足其消费需要,又符合其支付标准的商品。消费者对商品价值的理解不同,会形成不同的价格限度。这个限度就是消费者宁愿付货款而不愿失去这次购买机会的价格。如果价格刚好定在这一限度内,消费者就会顺利购买。为了加深消费者对商品价值的理解程度,从而提高其愿意支付的价格限度,零售店定价时首先要搞好商品的市场定位,拉开本企业商品与市场上同类商品的差异,突出商品的特征,并综合运用这种营销手段,加深消费者对商品的印象。使消费者感到购买这些商品能获得更多的相对利益,从而提高他们接受价格的限度,零售店则据此提出一个可销价格,进而估算在此价格水平下商品的销量、成本及盈利状况,最后确定实际价格。
需求差异定价法
(2)需求差异定价法,需求差异定价法以不同时间、地点、商品及不同消费者的消费需求强度差异为定价的基本依据,针对每种差异决定其在基础价格上是加价还是减价。主要有以下几种形式:
①因地点而异。如国内机场的商店、餐厅向乘客提供的商品价格普遍要远高于市内的商店和餐厅。
②因时间而异。三个购物黄金假期,商品价格较平时有一些增长。
③因商品而异。在2004年奥运会举行期间,标有奥运会会徽或吉祥物的T恤及—些商品的价格,比其他同类商品的价格要高。

需求导向定价法是依据消费者对商品价值的理解和需求差别来制定价格的方法。就是说,相同的商品因消费者需求和认识的差别,也可以是不同的价格。在产品供过于求时,企业运用需求导向法定价,效果会更好。需求导向定价法主要有两种:
一种是企业根据购买者 或消费者对商品及其价格的认识程度和感觉定价,这种定价方法要求企业搞清消费者对 商品的价值的判断;
另一种是企业根据需求中的差异而进行差别定价,这种定价方法之 所以能够实行,是因为在现实生活当中,消费者对同样的产品有不同的需求,其需求弹 性是不同的。

需求导向定价法是以消费者的需求为中心的企业定价方法。它不是根据产品的成本定价,也不是单纯考虑竞争状况定价,而是根据消费者对商品的需求强度和对商品价值的认识程度来制定商品的价格。其中主要的方法有两种。 1、理解价值定价法:企业按照购买者或消费者对商品及其价值的认识程度和感觉定价。 2、区分需求定价法:又叫差别定价法,是企业在特定条件下,根据需求中的某些差异而使价格有差别的定价方法。
(1)市场可以细分,各细分市场具有不同的需求弹性;
(2)价格歧视不会引起顾客反感;
(3)低价格细分市场的顾客没有机会将商品转卖给高价格细分市场顾客;
(4)竞争者没有可能在企业以较高价格销售产品的市场上以低价竞争。

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