硫酸盐酸硝酸哪个酸性最强?

2025-03-31 18:02:13
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

先鄙视下各种误导帝,骗分帝
再鄙视下百度百科 世界第一误导帝
酸性强弱和浓度什么的是没有关系的,酸性强弱是针对该物质本身的给质子化能力的讨论(例如HF这样自身在高浓度会发生变化的除外),至于把酸性和腐蚀性直接挂钩的就更奇怪了。腐蚀性是个非常复杂的概念,而且是没有比较标准的,包括了氧化性,还原性,络合能力,配位能力等多个方面。
下面进入正题
酸性强弱的比较,包括强酸(pKa<-1.76)请使用酸度系数
pKa=-log10Ka
质子化状态(AH)与脱质子化状态(A–)的自由能差ΔG°来计算。分子的相互作用偏向脱质子化状态时会提升Ka值(因[A–]与[AH]的比增加),或是降低pKa值。相反的,分子作用偏向质子化状态时,Ka值会下降,或提升pKa值。
举例假设AH在质子化状态下释放一个氢键给原子X,这个氢键在脱质子化状态下是欠缺的。因质子化状态有着氢键的优势,pKa值随之而上升(Ka下降)。pKa值的转移量可以透过以下方程式从ΔG°的改变来计算Ka=e-(△G/RT)
其他的分子相互作用亦可以转移pKa值:只要在一个分子的滴定氢附近加入一个抽取电子的化学基(如氧、卤化物、氰基或甚至苯基),就能偏向脱质子化状态(当质子离解时须稳定余下的电子)使pKa值下降。例如将次氯酸连续氧化,就能得出不断上升的Ka值:HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4。次氯酸(HClO)与过氯酸(HClO4)Ka值的差约为11个数量级(约11个pKa值的转移)。静电的相互作用亦可对平衡状态有所影响,负电荷的存在会影响带负电、脱质子化物质的形成,从而提升了pKa值。这即是分子中的一组化学基的离子化,会影响另一组的pKa值。
△G可以通过实验测量得到
附:部分物质的pKa值(只列出第一pKa值)
- 31.30:氟锑酸
- 19.20:氟锑磺酸
- 18.00:碳硼烷酸
- 15.10:氟磺酸
- 15.10:三氟甲磺酸
- 10.00:高氯酸
- 9.50:氢碘酸
- 9.00:氢溴酸
- 8.00:盐酸
- 3.00:硫酸
- 2.00:硝酸
- 1.76:水合氢离子
1.25:草酸
2.15:磷酸
2.98:酒石酸
3.09:柠檬酸
3.15:氢氟酸
3.60:碳酸
3.75:甲酸
4.04:抗坏血酸
4.19:琥珀酸
4.20:苯甲酸
4.63:苯胺
4.74:醋酸
5.21:吡啶
6.99:乙二胺
7.00:氢硫酸
7.50:次氯酸
9.21:氢氰酸
9.24:硼酸
9.25:氨
9.33:苯甲胺
9.81:三甲胺
9.99:酚

回答2:

史上最强酸“根据1976年版权法第107条,允许“合理使用”,如用于批评、评论、新闻报道、教学、学术和研究等目的。合理使用是版权法规允许的一种使用,否则可能会侵犯版权。没有侵犯版权的意图。

回答3:

酸性的强弱不仅跟物质电离的程度有关,还跟物质的浓度有关。但较稀的溶液时,他们的酸性一样强。但由于浓硫酸中氢难电离,浓盐酸最大浓度只有38%多一点,所以硝酸的酸性可以达到更强些。

回答4:

如果是等浓度的话,硝酸最强,硝酸可溶解少量的金。但是如果是较浓的等浓度,弄到生命体上的话,浓硫酸伤害更大,因为硫酸溶于水放出大量的热,而生命体都有水!所以会造成较严重的伤害!世界上已知酸性最强的是王水,是用硝酸和盐酸配的

给个最佳吧,亲,我任务,谢啦

回答5:

由强到弱依次为:硫酸,盐酸,硝酸

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