推荐回答(1个)
过敏原,又称为变应原、过敏物、致敏原、致敏物。过敏原为通俗用语,致敏原或变应原为医学术语,是指能够使人发生过敏的抗原。严格地说,过敏原是一种能促进在特应性个体发生I型超敏反应的非寄生抗原。其共同的特点是:接触过敏原一定时间后,机体致敏。致敏期的时间可长可短,这段时间内没有临床症状,当再次接触过敏原后,方可发生过敏反应。引起过敏反应的抗原物质常见的有2000-3000种。
分类
正在加载过敏源
1、通过呼吸引起过敏的抗原性物质——吸入性过敏源:如花粉、柳絮、粉尘、虫螨、冷空气、动物皮屑、油烟、各种香料、汽车尾气、煤气、香烟等。
2、通过饮食引起过敏的抗原性物质——食入性过敏源:如海鲜、鱼虾、异体蛋白、奶制品、豆制品、鸡鸭、牛羊肉、大米、面粉、香油、香椿、葱、姜、蒜、动物脂肪、酒精、以及桃子、梨等各种水果、干果、蔬菜、蜜饯,部分抗菌类制剂、消炎药、解热镇痛药等。
3、通过触摸引起过敏的抗原性物质——接触性过敏源:如化妆品、染发剂、油漆、冷空气、热空气、紫外线、辐射、化妆品、洗发水、洗洁精、染发剂、肥皂、化纤用品、塑料、金属饰品(项链、手链、表带、戒指、耳环)、细菌、霉菌、病毒、寄生虫等。
4、其他过敏源:如注摄药剂青霉素、链霉素、异种血清等、精神紧张、工作压力等、甚至有许多的患者根本不能确定具体的过敏源。
常见过敏原
正在加载尘螨及其排泄物、甲壳素是家居常见的过敏原。
除了疫苗和输血时的异体血清中的异体蛋白外,常见过敏原还包括:
一、动物产物
1、Fel d 1(猫过敏症)
2、毛皮、皮屑
3、蟑螂的萼
4、羊毛
5、尘螨排泄物
二、药物
1、青霉素(盘尼西林)
2、磺胺类药物
3、水杨酸类药物(天然存在于很多果实中)
4、局部麻醉剂
三、食物
1、芹菜、块根芹菜
2、玉米
3、鸡蛋(通常是蛋白)
4、水果
(1)南瓜
5、豆类和荚果
(1)豆类
(2)豌豆
(3)花生
(4)大豆
5、牛奶
6、海鲜
7、芝麻
8、大豆
9、坚果
(1)碧根果(美国山核桃)
(2)杏仁
10、小麦
四、昆虫蜇
1、蜜蜂蜇释放的毒液
2、黄蜂蜇释放的毒液
3、蚊子蜇
五、霉菌孢子
六、其他
1、乳胶
2、金属
七、植物花粉[花粉症(过敏性鼻炎、鼻敏感)]
1、草—黑麦草、猫尾草
2、野草—豚草、车前草、荨麻、艾蒿、藜、酸模
3、树木—桦木属、桤木属、榛属、鹅耳枥、七叶树属、柳树、杨属、悬铃木属、椴树属、木犀榄属、美国雪松
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