推荐回答(4个)
船舶控制方向的设备为船尾舵。
船尾舵是设在船尾正中改变和稳定船舶航向的装置,古人称舵为“凌波至宝”。
舵是由船尾操纵桨演变而来的。桨不仅可以用来推船前进,还可以用来控制船的航向。设置在船尾用来控航向的桨称为船尾操纵桨或船尾舵桨。将船尾操纵桨的桨柄增长就成了艄;进一步增加桨叶的面积、改变其在船上的安装方式以提高操纵效率,便产生了舵。

扩展资料:
舵虽然是小小的装置,但它能使庞大的船体运转自如,其奥妙何在?原来,航行中的船只,如果要向左转,就要将舵向左偏转一个角度,水流就在舵面上产生了一股压力,即舵压。
舵压本身很小,但它距离船的转动中心较远,所以使船转动的力矩比较大,船首就会相应地转向左方。船尾舵的出现,在船舶发展史上是一件重大意义的事,舵结合风帆和指南针就成为确保船只安全航行的三大条件。
出土于长沙、广州和湖北江陵的汉代船只模型都有一个共通点,就是船尾都设有桨手,用来控制和操纵舟船的航行方向,这种设于尾部的桨通常称为操纵桨。桨柄增长就成为艄,用以控制船的航向。操纵桨在长期的应用中增加了桨叶的面积,便于控制船的方向,然后逐渐产生了真正的舵。
船尾舵是用来控制船只航行方向的操作机构或系统,由船尾舵浆演变而成。船尾舵是古代汉族劳动人民的重要发明之一,在商朝已经使用,其形制经历了几个阶段的演变。
数字舵机区别于传统的模拟舵机,模拟舵机需要给它不停的发送PWM信号,才能让它保持在规定的位置或者让它按照某个速度转动,数字舵机则只需要发送一次PWM信号就能保持在规定的某个位置。因此数字舵机的出现得以实现48路舵机控制器的实现 .按照舵机的转动角度分有180度舵机和360度舵机。 180度舵机只能在0度到180度之间运动,超过这个范围,舵机就会出现超量程的故障,轻则齿轮打坏,重则烧坏舵机电路或者舵机里面的电机。360度舵机转动的方式和普通的电机类似,可以连续的转动,不过我们只可以控制它转动的方向和速度,不能调节转动角度。
舵用以改变和保持船舶航行方向的设备。由舵叶和舵杆组成。航行中的船舶,水流在舵叶上产生横向作用力,根据船舶的航向转动舵叶 ,使船舶产生回转力矩,保持所需航向。舵可按多种标准分类。①按舵叶的断面形状可分为平板舵和流线型舵。平板舵结构简单,广泛应用于帆船上;流线型舵的舵叶由水平与垂直隔板为骨架 , 并用钢板包成空心,其阻力小、升力大,被广泛应用。②根据舵杆轴线在舵叶上的位置,可分为平衡舵、不平衡舵和半平衡舵。平衡舵的舵压中心至舵杆轴线的距离小,故转舵力矩小,但舵在水流作用下易摆动;不平衡舵的舵杆轴线在舵叶导边处,故有较大的转舵力矩;半平衡舵上半部为不平衡式,下半部为平衡式。③根据舵的支承方式,可分为多支承舵、双支承舵、悬挂舵和半悬挂舵,均依据与舵柱连接方式区分。④根据舵板的数量,可分为单板舵和双板舵。前者舵叶由单层板构成;后者舵叶则由两层板制成,性能优于单板舵。为改善船舶操纵性能和推进效率,常采用一些改善舵效的特殊形式的舵 。如带导流罩舵,在舵叶中部装有导流罩 ;襟翼舵,舵由主舵叶和襟翼组成;多叶舵,在一舵杆上装有两个或两个以上舵叶;差动舵,由多舵叶组成,其各叶转角可不同,以及喷射舵、并联舵、反射舵等舵型。舵型的选择根据船型、吨位、船尾形状及推进装置类型选择。河船为操纵灵活,常配有双舵和三舵。根据船舶操纵需要,除通常将舵设置在船尾螺旋桨后,以利用桨的尾流外,也有装在桨前面的舵,为倒车舵。也有在船首加装首舵,以改善倒航的操纵性能。
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