谁知道茶文化的内涵是什么,茶道是怎样一种精神气韵?

2025-04-03 12:48:59
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

茶道概述丰富多彩的茶道文化可归结为茶趣、茶德、茶禅。茶趣即饮茶乐趣,包括物质乐趣和精神乐趣。佳茗、清泉、茶具、良辰、美境。知音,相聚品饮、雅俗共赏。茶趣有雅俗之分,无高下之别。茶德即茶之功德。陆羽同代人刘贞亮提出的"茶十德"以茶尝滋味,以茶养身体,以茶驱腥气,以茶防病气,以茶养生气,以茶散闷气,以茶利礼仁,以茶表敬意,以茶可雅心,以茶可行道。茶禅是以阐释茶与佛门之密切因缘。
真意乃茶禅结合而达到的一种境界。禅在梵语中意为"静虑"、"思维修"、"弃恶"等。在品茶的精神境界中,不知道有多少人能感受到一位西方诗人说:"从一粒砂看世界"。但几乎每位爱好绿茶或乌龙茶的东方人都不难体会出----从一片茶叶可品尝出山川风景与大自然的精神。如果你嘴里含上一口西湖龙井茶,茶汤的气韵,即很容易在你眼前幻化出一片江南水乡温柔而秀丽的风光;如果你入口的是安溪乌龙茶、碧天峰铁观音,那么,你看到的将是高山顶上的蓝天白云,同时随着芬芳的茶香与茶气,让你仿佛身处高山上,呼吸到山上清朗的气息。
从茶中领会山川风景,与不断地微妙变化着的真味,真香与气……不失为回归自然的一种简单法门。那么,茶是如何能给予人这一切的呢?除了自然的奥秘以外,就是人为的配合。茶可独酌,也宜共饮,一杯在手,清香满室,消除烦虑,使人抛却是非心、名利心。"寒夜客来茶当酒",以茶奉客,虽不及酒后令人豪情万丈,意气风发,但三两良朋,沏茶小息,令人"六腑皆芬芳",闲话家常、天南地北、气氛更为和乐,主客更能曲尽情意,茶的世界是一个祥和的世界
中庸、和谐与茶道
有人说,中国人性格象茶,总是清醒、理智的看待世界,不卑不亢,执着持久,强调人与人相助相依,在友好、和睦的气氛中共同进步。这话颇有些道理。
表面看,中国儒、道、佛各家都有自己的茶道流派,其形式与价值取向不尽相同。佛教在茶宴中伴以青灯孤寂,要在明心见性;道家茗饮寻求空灵虚静,避世超尘;儒家以茶励志,沟通人际关系,积极入世。无论意境和价值取向不都是很不相同吗?其实不然。这种表面的区别确实存在,但各家茶文化精神有一个很大的共同点,即:和谐、平静,实际上是以儒家的中庸为提携。
在社会生活中,中国人主张有秩序,相携相依,多些友谊与理解。在与自然的关系中,主张天人合一,五行协调,向大自然索取,但不能无休无尽,破坏平衡。水火本来是对立的,但在一定条件下却可相容相济。儒家把这种思想引入中国茶道,主张在饮茶中沟通思想,创造和谐气氛,增进彼此的友情。饮茶可以更多的审已、自省,清清醒醒地看自己,也清清醒醒地看别人。各自内省的结果,是加强理解,过年过节,各单位举行"茶话会",表示团结;有客来敬上一杯香茶,表示友好与尊重。常见酗酒斗欧的,却不见茶人喝茶打架,那怕品饮终日也不会抡起茶杯翻脸。这种和谐、友谊精神来源于茶道中的中庸思想。
在中国茶文化中,处处贯彻着和谐精神。宋人苏汉臣有《百子图》,一大群娃娃,一边调琴、赏花、欢笑嬉戏,一边拿了小茶壶、茶杯品茶,宛如中华民族大家庭,大孩子虽多并不去打架,而能和谐共处。至于直接以《同胞一气》命名的俗饮图,或把茶壶、茶杯称为"茶娘"、"茶子",更直接表达了这种亲和态度。清代茶人陈鸣远,造了一把别致的茶壶,三个老树虬根,用一束腰结为一体,左分枝出壶嘴,右出枝为把手,三根与共,同含一壶水,同用一支盖,不仅立意鲜明,取"众人捧柴火焰高"、"十支筷子折不断"、"共饮一江水"等古意,而且造型自然、高雅、朴拙中透着美韵。此壶命名为"束柴三友壶",主题一下子被点明

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