放养鸡的养殖技术是什么?

2025-04-04 05:35:10
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  首先要确定品种,放养鸡的特点如下:就是在开放环境下,以笨鸡为养殖对象,舍饲和林地放养相结合,以自由采食林间昆虫、杂草为主,人工补饲有机饲料为辅,呼吸林中空气,饮山中无污染的河水,生产出天然优质的商品鸡。笔者将近几年来的养殖经验总结如下。
  (一)选好场址是关键 生态鸡的养殖是在森林环境条件下进行的,所以养鸡场要选择天然林地,一般天然次生林好于原始林、阔叶林好于针叶林、天然林好于人工林,如有条件选择针阔混交林。要求鸡舍周围30公里范围内没有大的污染源,地势为5°左右坡为宜,背风向阳、水源充足、取水方便,有高压线在鸡场内通过最好。鸡舍和运动场的大小设计标准:育雏保温舍按每1000只鸡10平方米计算,运动场按每只鸡1平方米计算,运动场周围最好用篱笆和塑料网围起来。 \21!NPXH2
  (二)选好生态鸡品种 一般的肉用鸡种、兼用型鸡种和蛋用鸡种的公雏及农村的笨鸡都可作为生态肉鸡品种,兼用型鸡种最好。目前从黑龙江省绥化农垦分局养殖情况看,宫廷黄鸡是首选良种。 d^7  (三)选择好育雏时间 生态鸡的饲养必须选择合适的育雏季节,以利于生态鸡的放牧饲养。最好选择3--5月份育雏,春季气温逐渐上升,阳光充足,对雏鸡生长发育有利,育雏成活率高。到中鸡阶段,由于气温适宜,舍外活动时间长,可得到充分的运动与锻炼,因而体质强健,对以后天然放牧采食,预防天敌非常有利。春雏性成熟早,产蛋持续时间长,尤其早春孵化的雏鸡更好,所以多选择在春季育雏。 Jps!,Mflc
  (四)抓好围养训练 雏鸡在舍内饲养3周后,体重达到130克以上,改为院内散养,训练它听声音采食,经过一定时间的训练,雏鸡听到这种声音就回来吃食。在院内分区种植牧草或用饲草训练雏鸡自由采食,经过3周以上训练,雏鸡增强了扑食的能力和增长了预防天敌的本领,这给放养创造了条件。 c0@v`-9
  (五)管理好放养保安全 在院内经过3周以上喂养后雏鸡体重一般可以达到0.3公斤以上,具备了放养的条件,这时可以把它散放到林子里、水库边、草甸里,雏鸡在广阔的田野里扑捉昆虫,吃草籽、嫩草,自由活动。这一时期长达15周,在补料上可由院养日喂5次,逐渐减少到2次就可以了。在日喂2次时早晨放出时少喂点,晚上回来时多喂。在放养过程中,一定要搞好安全防范,预防天敌的危害。天敌主要有鹰、黄鼠狼、山猫,它们利用天然树林做屏障,随时可能捕捉鸡只,近几年鸡场统计在1%的自然损失率当中,中鸡放养后受天敌的伤害就可达60%以上,这时期鸡体重已达0.5--1公斤,损失1只鸡就相当于损失20元以上。因此,在放养时期抓好安全,提高鸡的成活率非常关键。预防天敌可以采用以下3种办法:训练好家犬驱逐附近的鼠类和鼬类,利用爆竹驱逐鹰的侵害,用尼龙网把放牧场围罩好,此法比较切实可行。 w"~T5%p
  (六)必须选用好特定饲料 从生态鸡的养殖特点上看,饲料、饲草分二部分。一部分是人工饲料,另一部分是天然饲料。(1)人工饲料。饲喂生态鸡的饲料必须是有机饲料,为此在种植生态鸡饲料及饲料原料时,必须按有机食品要求耕作。人工补饲的动物性饲料,也必须按生产有机食品的标准执行。在人工饲料生产过程中严禁添加各种化学药品,以保证生态鸡的品质。(2)天然饲料。天然饲料的质量取决于自然环境。主要有天然饲草、成熟的籽实和各种天然昆虫等。只有生态鸡的天然饲料充足、营养全面,才能够生产出高营养和滋补性强的优质产品。 ,D8 Tca\v
  (七)抓好防疫灭病 生态鸡在生长过程中与林地、滩地等外界接触广泛,随时都有可能受到传染因素的威胁。并且生态鸡生长期相对较长,一般需要4--5个月出栏,为防患于未然,必须有计划的对鸡进行免疫接种,以获得强免疫力。特别注意驱虫。

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