1,as/which都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,指代整个主句或主句的一部分。
2,as在从句中可位于句首、句中或句尾,而which只能位于句中。
3,若从句能译成“正如……”则用as,否则用which
一、as的用法:
1.主句中有such
He
is
not
such
man
as
would
leave
his
work
half
done.
I
hope
to
get
such
tool
as
he
is
using.
My
hometown
isn't
such
a
place
as
it
was
ten
years
ago.
2.主句中有the
same
虽然the
same
as/that都可用,但意思不同。如你问题中的句子。
He
wears
the
same
coat
that
I
bought
you.意思是他穿在身上的那件外套和我买给你的是同一件外套。而如果用as,意思是他穿在身上的那件外套和我买给你的那件看上去一模一样,但不是同一件。(注:本质区别就是that是同一件,as是很像的不同件)
3.as代表主句的整个概念
As
is
konwn
to
all,the
earth
moves
around
the
sun.
(注:which其实也可以引导,只不过不能放句首。
像as
is
konwn
to
all,as
we
all
know等词组一般用as用惯了,不常用which)
二、which的用法:
1.非限定性定语从句
2.介词+which(指代物时用)
3.指代前面整个句子内容,不可放句首
4.除了上面只能用that的,一般都可用
as
和
which
引导非限制性定从时
都可以代替
前面整个一句话
区别是
which
从句只能在句尾
而as
从句
可前可后可中
as
有
正像
正如
的意思
而
which
则没有
另外
在限制性定从中
the
same 和
such
后面
跟
as 引导的定从
其他一般不用
as 引导定从
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句,其先行词都可以是整个主句,指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
1. as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论
引导定语从句时,as仍具有“正如,像,由……可知”等意思,翻译时有时可不必译出。as定语从句常含有这些动词:see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等,这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的此类从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。如:
The famous magician Liu Qian, as we all know, is from Taiwan. 众所周知,著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。
There is a net bar around here, as I remember. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。
As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。
2. which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。注意,它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活,它只能位于主句的后面。如:
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意,这使我们大家都生气了。
She tore up my photos, which (=and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片,这使我很不安。
3. 在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时,要用which,不用as
Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her. 詹妮可能会来,要是那样的话我就去问她。
She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Beijing University. 她毕业于当地的一所中学,之后她去了北京大学。
4. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含着一个复合宾语时,一般用which而不用as
He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand. 他假装不认识我,这是我搞不明白的。
He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生,我认为太奇怪了。