推荐回答(2个)
双缩脲试剂由NaOH溶液(0.1g/mL)和CuSO₄溶液(0.01g/mL)配制而成,配制比例为5:1。但是双缩脲试剂不用现配现用,先加入NaoH营造碱性环境,再加入CuSO₄。
双缩脲反应主要涉及肽键,因此受蛋白质特异性影响较小。且使用试剂价廉易得,操作简便,可测定的范围为1~10mg蛋白质,适于精度要求不太高的蛋白质含量的测定,能测出的蛋白质含量须在约0.5mg以上。
双缩脲法的缺点是精确度低、所需样品量大。干扰此测定的物质包括在性质上是氨基酸或肽的缓冲液,如TrIs缓冲液,因为它们产生阳性呈色反应,铜离子也容易被还原,有时出现红色沉淀。

扩展资料
双缩脲法
1、实验原理
双缩脲(NH₂CONHCONH₂)是两个分子脲经180℃左右加热,放出一个分子氨后得到的产物。在强碱性溶液中,双缩脲与二价铜离子形成紫色络合物,称为双缩脲反应。凡具有两个酰胺基或两个直接连接的肽键,或能够以一个中间碳原子相连的肽键,这类化合物都有双缩脲反应。
紫色络合物颜色的深浅与蛋白质浓度成正比,而与蛋白质分子量及氨基酸成分无关,故可用来测定蛋白质含量。干扰这一测定的物质主要有:硫酸铵、Tris缓冲液和某些氨基酸等。
此法的优点是较快速 ,不同的蛋白质产生颜色的深浅相近,以及干扰物质少。主要的缺点是灵敏度差,不适合微量蛋白的测定。
2、试剂与器材
试剂:
标准蛋白质溶液:用标准的结晶牛血清清蛋白(BSA)或标准酪蛋白,配制成10mg/ml的标准蛋白溶液,可用BSA浓度1mg/ml的A280为0.66来校正其纯度。
如有需要,标准蛋白质还可预先用微量凯氏定氮法测定蛋白氮含量,计算出其纯度,再根据其纯度,称量配制成标准蛋白质溶液。牛血清清蛋白用H₂O 或0.9%NaCl配制,酪蛋白用0.05N NaOH配制。
双缩脲试剂:称以1.50克硫酸铜(CuSO₄·5H₂O)和6.0克酒石酸钾钠(KNaC₄H4O₆·4H₂O),用500毫升水溶解,在搅拌下加入300毫升10% NaOH溶液,用水稀释到1升,贮存于塑料瓶中(或内壁涂以石蜡的瓶中)。此试剂可长期保存。若贮存瓶中有黑色沉淀出现,则需要重新配制。
器材:可见光分光光度计、大试管15支、旋涡混合器等。
3、操作方法
标准曲线的测定:取12支试管分两组,分别加入0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0毫升的标准蛋白质溶液,用水补足到1毫升,然后加入4毫升双缩脲试剂。充分摇匀后,在室温(20~25℃)下放置30分钟,于540nm处进行比色测定。
用未加蛋白质溶液的第一支试管作为空白对照液。取两组测定的平均值,以蛋白质的含量为横坐标,光吸收值为纵坐标绘制标准曲线。
样品的测定:取2~3个试管,用上述同样的方法,测定未知样品的蛋白质浓度。注意样品浓度不要超过10mg/ml。
参考资料来源:百度百科-双缩脲反应
参考资料来源:百度百科-双缩脲法
在使用双缩脲试剂时候,必须注意,必须是先加0.1 g/mL氢氧化钠溶液,再加0.01 g/mL硫酸铜的水溶液。(若先加入硫酸铜[CuSO4]溶液,再加入氢氧化钠[NaOH]溶液,则无法充分制造碱性环境,此时CuSO4会与NaOH发生复分解反应,生成蓝色氢氧化铜[Cu(OH)2]沉淀,导致现象不清,无法较好地达到实验目的。
另外,能与双缩脲试剂发生紫色反应的化合物分子中至少含有两个肽键。因此,二肽无法用它来检验。
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