晶体和沉淀有什么区别?怎么区分?

2025-04-07 03:21:56
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

新形成的晶粒细小且不完整,有较大的表面能,在有过量溶质存在条件下必然长大和完整化。实际上,晶核的形成总是伴随着晶体的生长。晶体的生成过程总是伴随着溶质离子向晶体表面扩散和在晶体表面定向排列成新的晶格,两者之中最慢的一步决定了成长的速度。在浓的溶液里,溶质离子向晶体表面扩散是主要因素,结晶生长的速度与溶液中溶质的过饱和度成正比,若是能控制沉淀时的过饱和度在临界值附近,则生长速度大于成核速度,反之,若过饱和度大于太大或溶质溶解度太小,则将引起大量的均相成核,成核速度大于了生长速度,得到的是离子聚集杂乱排布的无定型沉淀,在高度过饱和条件下,甚至是典型的晶型沉淀也会生成胶状沉淀。扩散到晶体表面的离子,受到晶格离子的吸引沿晶体表面滑动,在合适的位置组成晶面,同时释放出晶格能,这样逐渐使不完整的的晶面填充新层而完整化。此时,外来的杂质容易堵塞晶面的活性中心而阻滞晶体的生长。陈化是指在沉淀形成后,将沉淀与母液共同放置,由于小颗粒的溶解度较大,使得同处母液中的小颗粒沉淀逐步溶解,并在大颗粒表面析出,这种现象又称为oswald熟化。由于大颗粒的出现降低了沉淀的表面能,使得沉淀吸附的杂质减少,陈化有利于净化晶型沉淀。对于无定形沉淀,陈化没有作用。

回答2:

供互垛就艹脚讹协番茅从一个动态过程来看,晶体从液体中析出,是一个物理过程,而沉淀产生,是一个化学过程
从结构形态来讲,沉淀一般都是晶体,

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