推荐回答（1个）
于发电机可能发生的故障和不正常工作状态，应根据发电机的容量有选择地装设以下保护：
(1) 纵联差动保护：为定子绕组及其引出线的相间短路保护。
(2) 横联差动保护：为定子绕组一相匝间短路保护逗枝。只有当一相定子绕组有两个及以上并联分支而构成两个或三个中性点引出端时，才装设该种让指悉保护。
(3) 单相接地保护：为发电机定子绕组的单相接地保护。
(4) 励磁回路接地保护：为励磁回路的接地故障保护，分为一点接地保护和两点接地保护两种。水轮发电机都装设一点接地保护，动作于信号，而不装设两点接地保护。中小型汽轮发电机，当检查出励磁回路一点接地后再投入两点接地保护，大型汽轮发电机应装设一点接地保护。
(5) 低励、失磁保护：为防止大型发电机低励（励磁电汉低于静稳极限所对应的励磁电流）或失去励磁（励磁电流为零）后，从系统中吸收大量无功功率而对系统产生不利影响，100MW以上容量的发电机都装设这种保护。
(6) 过负荷保护：发电机长时间超过额定负荷运行时作用于信号的保护。中小型发电机只装设定子过负荷保护；大型发电机应分别装设定子过负荷和励磁绕组过负荷保护。
(7) 定子绕组过电流保护：当发电机纵差保护范围外发生短路，而短路元件的保护或断路器拒绝动作，为了右靠切除故障，则应装设反应外部短路的过电流保护。这种保护兼作纵差保护的后备保护。
(8) 定子绕组过电压保护：中小型汽轮发电机通常不装设过电压保护。水轮发电机和大坦乎型汽轮都装设过电压保护，以切除突然甩去全部负荷后引起定子绕组过电压。
(9) 负序电流保护：电力系统发生不能称短路或者三相负荷不对称（如电气机车、电弧炉等单相负荷的比重太大）时，发电机定子绕组中就有负序电流。该负序电流产生反向旋转磁场，相对于转子为两倍同步转速，因此在转子中出现100Mz的倍频电流，它会使转子端部、护环内表面等电流密度很大的部位过热，造成转子的局部灼伤，因此应装设负序电流保护。中小型发电机我装设负序定时限电流保护；大型发电机多装设负序反时限电流保护，其动作时限完全由发电机转子承受负序发热的能力（A）决定，不考虑与系统保护配合。
(10) 失步保护：大型发电机应装设反应系统振荡过程的失步保护。中小型发电机都不装设失步保护，当系统发生振荡时，由运行人员判断，根据情况用人工增加励磁电流、增加或减少原动机出力、局部解列等方法来处理。
(11) 逆功率保护：当汽轮主汽门误关闭，或机炉保护动作关闭主汽门而发电机出口 断路器未跳闸时，发电机失去原动力变成电动机运行，从电力系统吸收有功功率。这种工况对发电机并无危险，但由于鼓风损失，汽轮机尾部叶片有可能过热而造成汽轮机事故，故大型机组要装设用逆功率继电器构成的逆功率保护，用于保护汽轮机。
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