进行粮仓熏蒸时,应注意哪些事项

2025-03-21 18:53:27
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

粮仓熏蒸处理的几种情况
磷化氢环流熏蒸技术已经在500亿斤国家粮库建设项目中得到了广泛的应用,从正在运行的环流熏蒸生产性试验看,其效果是很好的。然而,从经济、有效使用环流熏蒸技术与设备的角度出发,在某些情况下,并不一定非要运用全仓环流熏蒸处理。而应视具体情况运用不同的特殊处理方法。

一、局部生虫时的熏蒸处理

粮食入仓后由于入仓时粮食的自动分级、粮堆内温湿度分布不均匀、害虫局部感染等,会出现仓内个别部位生虫,甚至会引起局部发热等情况。这时若运用一般的全仓熏蒸处理的方法则开支较大,同时由于生虫部位温度远高于其它部位,熏蒸气不易向其中运动,也难以杀死该部位的害虫。对此,应运用特殊的处理方法,先降低发热部位的粮温,再运行熏蒸处理。局部生虫熏蒸时,可通过气导管将熏蒸气引导到生虫部位的中心处,并在生虫部位上、下、左、右、中呈球面包围布置气导管,对局部发生的害虫形成立体气包围和中心气熏蒸。熏蒸气导管可借助粮食深层扦样器埋入粮堆,我们在试验中曾运用此方法将直径25mm的橡胶或塑料软管埋入粮堆10m--12m的深度。运用磷化氢运行局部熏蒸时,由于毒气自身的扩散,气会向周围运动从而使生虫处的浓度降低,所以在局部熏蒸时要注意生虫部位的气浓度检测,必要时要补充气以保持生虫部位杀虫气始终处在有效浓度水平以上。在运行局部熏蒸时,从处理措施上还要防止害虫从生虫部位向非生虫部位迁移。

二、表面熏蒸处理

在大型仓房中,有时害虫的发生仅限于粮堆表面或表层,此时只运行表层熏蒸处理即可,在有可能的情况下,可先运行通常的粮面施药,然后密闭仓房,同时对生虫部位及其以下一定深度的部位运行气浓度检测,当粮面及其以下一定部位气浓度低于或接近有效浓度水平时应及时利用仓外投药手段运行补充投药,直至达到所需的密闭时间,将害虫全部杀死,在运行表面熏蒸时一定要注意以下几点:

1、防止害虫向深层转移

粮堆表面施药后有些害虫个体为了逃避熏蒸气而向没有毒气或浓度较低的部位迁移,避免这些现象出现的方法是在粮面下一定深度未生虫的粮层中预置上投药探管或熏蒸软管,使之与表面施用的药剂同时作用于表层的害虫。

2、避免由于气的扩散导致表层浓度过低

粮堆表面按一定剂量投药后,由于气分子热运动和仓内气流等因素的作用,熏蒸气的浓度会逐渐降低甚至达到或低于临界浓度,如果在未达到必要的密闭时间前出现此现象则会导致熏蒸失败。为防止此情况的发生,应运行生虫部位的毒气浓度检测,必要时要补充投药。

三、有明显死角时的熏蒸

在对环流截面较大的大跨度房式仓或浅圆仓运行环流熏蒸时,有时会出现局部浓度过低的部位,此类部位的出现就意味着熏蒸气在仓内或粮堆内的分布均匀性不够,进而出现熏蒸死角。出现此类死角的原因是多方面的,可能是由于熏蒸中施用的气量不足,也可能是风机开启或停止不当,以及受仓房漏气、仓内温度、仓内气流等因素的影响。对于仓内可能出现死角的部位,可运用打探管或埋入熏蒸软管的方法在风机停止工作时,从仓外补充投药以弥补其毒气浓度的不足。

四、大型仓房有明显冷心时的熏蒸

大型房式仓和浅圆仓在冬季入粮后或经通风降温、降温等处理后底层或中心部位粮温非常低,这对整个粮堆的稳定是十分有利的。在这种情况下如有害虫发生,应运用局部处理的方式,而不宜运行环流处理,以尽可能不影响整个粮堆的稳定。

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