八年级下册英语考试的重点题型和语法（不要短语）

四种进行时态

态 时 一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现 在 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
过 去 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时
将 来 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时
过去将来 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时

▲ 进行时态的构成

时 态 主谓宾
现在进行时 is (am, are) doing
过去进行时 was (were) doing
将来进行时 will be doing
过去将来进行时 would be doing

Be
doing
You are studying English.
You are not studying English.
Are you studying English?

You were studying English.
You were not studying English.
Were you studying English?

You will be studying English.
You will not be studying English.
Will you be studying English?

▲ 现在进行时态和过去进行时态

一般现在时
过去 -------现在--------- 将来
-
现在进行时
1、进行态的暂时性，进行时态与一般时态的比较

● They live
in America.（一贯的）
● They are living
in America.（暂时的）
第二句给我们的感觉是，他们一直住在别的什么地方，但目前暂住美国。

He
is studying Englishhard.

You do not eat much.
You are not eating much.

●My TV works
well.
我的电视非常好。（一贯的）
●My TVis working well.
我的电视目前很好。（暂时性）
第二句给人的印象是：电视过去工作不正常，最近修了一下，效果很好。

进行时态的感情色彩。

进行态除了表示一个进行的动作以外，更多的是带有一种“态”，也就是说有一种情态在里面。注意下面句子的比较：

It rained下雨.
It was raining.
The girl cried哭.
The girl was crying.

Last week I went to the
theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young
man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I
got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the
man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could
not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said
angrily.

● Do you know
your wifewas havingdinner with a
guy in the restaurant near our school yesterday evening?
你知道不知道你的老婆昨天晚上和一个小伙子在学校附近的餐馆一起吃饭？

注：说话的人没有用一般过去时，而是用过去进行时态。从这句话
中可以看出他通过进行时态的画面感，给对方一个亲眼看到的感觉，以刺激听话的人。

▲ 将来进行时态
● I will wait
for you at the airport.
I will be waiting for you at the airport.

第一句用的是一般将来时态，第二句用的是将来进行时态。第二句给人的感觉好像能够看到说话的人将在机场等待的情景，所以更亲切、更踏实。这就是画面感的效果。我们很难用汉语表达出上面两句话的不同。

1、进行态的暂时性，进行时态与一般时态的比较
2、进行时态的感情色彩。

时 态 主谓宾
现在进行时 is (am, are) doing
过去进行时 was (were) doing
将来进行时 will be doing
过去将来进行时 would be doing

1.条件状语从句
if/unless/as long as
主将从现
2.It is ...for sb to do
3.时间状语从句
when/while before/after as soon as not...until=after
主将从现
4.表方位
on 接壤
in 内部
to 不接壤