推荐回答（3个）
动词在句中用作非谓语的时候要加ing或者用被动形式。用法是 主动doing，被动done.
例句：That boy trembling in the cold wind is very poor.省略了who is.That boy who is trembling in the cold wind is very poor.
在逗号后面的非谓语，也是主动doing，被动done。
The boy eats his breakfast in the cold wind,trembling.. 这是一种伴随状态。
有些动词后面加上ing还可以作为形容词用。比方说，interesing,exciting,intriguing.
自己整理的可能不完整~
动词可能是非谓语，非谓语做伴随状语或是主语
动词可能处在其它时态如过去进行时，将来进行时，完成进行时
动词是动名词
以上情况动词都要加ing
你的例子：having在句首，做主语，是我说的第一种情况
第一，跟在介词后面的时候
第二，一些动词词组后面的时候，例如：stop doing sth....
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