关于有极性键的非极性分子和有非极性键的极性分子

2025-03-11 07:17:04
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

极性键一般就是不同的非金属元素组成的化合物,如H2O
HCL.而极性键的分子一般是相同的元素组成的如
CL2
O2.但也不全是如某些结构对称的分子也是极性键组成的非极性分子,如CO2
CH4
C2H2,对称的非金属元素组成的.非极性键的极性分子如
O3(臭氧)这些不对称的单质,是既有非极性键又有极性键的就行,过氧化钠这种化合物就是.

回答2:

有极性键的非极性分子:二氧化碳、二硫化碳、甲烷、三氟化硼、四氯化碳等。
有非极性键的极性分子:过氧化氢等。

回答3:

极性键=
在化合物分子中,不同种原子形成的共价键,由于两个原子吸引电子的能力不同,共用电子对必然偏向吸引电子能力较强的原子一方,因而吸引电子能力较弱的原子一方相对的显正电性。这样的共价键叫做极性共价键,简称极性键。
举例:hcl分子中的h-cl键属于极性键
判别
同种原子之间的是非极性键
极性键存在于不同种元素间
但是存在极性键的物质不一定是极性分子.
区分极性分子和非极性分子的方法:
非极性分子的判据:中心原子化合价法和受力分析法
1、中心原子化合价法:
组成为abn型化合物,若中心原子a的化合价等于族的序数,则该化合物为非极性分子.如:ch4,ccl4,so3,pcl5
2、受力分析法:
若已知键角(或空间结构),可进行受力分析,合力为0者为非极性分子.如:co2,c2h4,bf3
3、同种原子组成的双原子分子都是非极性分子。
不是非极性分子的就是极性分子了
常见极性分子:
hx,co,no,h2o,h2s,no2,so2,scl2,nh3,h2o2,ch3cl,ch2cl2,chcl3,ch3ch2oh
非极性键=
由同种元素的原子间形成的共价键,叫做非极性键。同种原子吸引共用电子对的能力相等,成键电子云对称地分布在两核之间,不偏向任何一个原子,成键的原子都不显电性。非极性键可存在于单质分子中(如h2中h—h键、o2中o=o键、n2中n≡n键),也可以存在于化合物分子中(如c2h2中的c—c键)。非极性键的键偶极矩为0。以非极性键结合形成的分子都是非极性分子。存在于非极性分子中的键并非都是非极性键,如果一个多原子分子在空间结构上的正电荷几何中心和负电荷几何中心重合,那么即使它由极性键组成,那么它也是非极性分子。由非极性键结合形成的晶体可以是原子晶体,也可以是混合型晶体或分子晶体。例如,碳单质有三类同素异形体:依靠c—c非极性键可以形成正四面体骨架型金刚石(原子晶体)、层型石墨(混合型晶体),也可以形成球型碳分子富勒烯c60(分子晶体)。

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