推荐回答(4个)
都是草书的大家!
张旭,字伯高,一字季明,吴郡(江苏苏州)人。初仕为常熟尉,后官至金吾长史,世称“张长史。”工诗书,晓精楷法,以草书最为知名。为人洒脱不羁,豁达豪放,嗜好饮酒,与李白、贺知章、李适之、李进、崔宗之、苏晋、焦遂称为“饮中八仙”。常于醉中以头发濡墨大书,如醉如痴,称“张颠”。时与李白诗,裴文剑舞称“三绝”。其书得之于二王又独创新意,书迹有《郎官石记》、《草书右诗四帖》等。其正书《郎官石记》,完全是虞欧笔法,端严规整,欧阳修《集古录》:“旭以草书知名,而《郎官石记》真楷可爱。”《古诗四帖》以其崭新、高美的形式,巨大的气魂展开雄伟壮阔的书卷。丰道生跋:“行笔如从空掷下,俊逸流畅,焕乎天光,若非人力所为。”《宣和书谱》说:“其草字虽奇怪百出,而求其源流,无一点画不该规矩者。”
相传他见公主与担夫争道,又闻鼓吹而得笔法之意;在河南邺县时爱看公孙大娘舞西河剑器,并因此而得草书之神。颜真卿曾两度辞官向他请教笔法。
怀素(725~785),字藏真,俗姓钱,永州零陵(今湖南零陵)人。以“狂草”名世,史称“草圣”。自幼出家为僧,经禅之暇,爱好书法,刻苦临池,采蕉叶练字,木板为纸,板穿叶尽,秃笔成冢,其后笔走龙蛇,满纸云烟,王公名流也都爱结交这个狂僧。鲁公(颜真卿)亦为之心折,与师旦夕切磋笔法,获益良多。他性情疏放,好饮酒,酒酣兴发,于寺壁里墙,衣裳器具,无不书之,自言“饮酒以养性,草书以畅志”。与张旭时与张旭齐名,合称“颠张狂素”。怀素草书,笔法瘦劲,飞动自然,如骤雨旋风,随手万变。他的书法虽率意颠逸,千变万化,而法度具备。怀素与张旭形成唐代书法双峰并峙的局面,也是中国草书史上两座不可企及的高峰。传世书迹有《自叙帖》、《苦笋帖》、《食鱼帖》、《圣母帖》、《论书帖》、《大草千文》、《小草千文》诸帖。其中《食鱼帖》极为瘦削,骨力强健,谨严沉着。而《自叙帖》其书由于与书《食鱼帖》时心情不同,风韵荡漾。真是各尽其妙。米芾《海岳书评》:“怀素如壮士拨剑,神采动人,而回旋进退,莫不中节。”唐代诗人多有赞颂,如李白有《草书歌行》,曼冀有《怀素上人草书歌》。
张旭,字伯高,吴(今江苏苏州附近)人,是唐代著名书法家。在书法上,尤擅长于草书。他的草书连绵回绕,起伏跌宕。所谓“张妙于肥”是说他的草书线条厚实饱满,极尽提按顿挫之妙。唐大文学家韩愈在《送高闲上人序》中对他的草书艺术推崇备至。他的草书和李白的诗歌、裴旻的剑舞被时人称为三绝。
张旭喜欢喝酒,每次大醉后,号呼狂走,索笔挥洒,变化无穷,若有神助,时人号为张颠。据李肇《国史补》说,张旭每次饮酒后就写草书,写时,挥笔大叫,把头浸在墨汁里,用头发抒写。他的“发书”飘逸奇妙,异趣横生,连他自己酒醒这后也大为惊奇,这恐怕有夸张之嫌。
怀素(624——697),俗姓范,南阳人。为玄奘和尚的弟子,东塔律宗的创始人。10岁出家,拜律宗相部创始人法砺和尚为师,学习律宗经典。唐太宗贞观十九年(645年),玄奘由印度取经回长安,怀素遂拜玄奘为师,为攻律部经典,对其本师法砺的学说不满,著《四分律开宗记》等新疏解多种。当时,怀素居住在长安太原寺东塔,故其所创律宗称为东塔律宗,成为律宗三派之 一。
张旭(658-747):唐书法家。字伯高,吴郡(今属江苏)人。官至金吾长史,人称“张长史”。擅狂草。其书龙飞凤舞,神妙莫测,初观狼藉,细察却无一笔不合规矩。相传他往往在大醉后,呼叫狂走,然后下笔。或以头濡墨而书,醒后自看,以为神助,不可复得,世称“张颠”。他的草书与李白诗歌、裴旻剑舞,时称“三绝”。
释怀素(725-785):唐书法家。字藏真,俗姓钱,长沙人。善狂草。好饮酒,兴来运笔,如骤雨旋风,圆转飞动,虽多变化而法度具备。前人评其狂草继承张旭,而有所发展。谓“以狂继颠”并称“颠张醉素”,对后世影响很大。
张旭是书法家也是诗人,怀素以“狂草”名世,史称“草圣”。
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